Kubatana pakati pezwi uye ruvara

Ndeupi hukama pakati peruvara uye ruzha uye nei paine hukama hwakadaro?

Zvinoshamisa, asi pane hukama hwepedyo pakati pezwi uye ruvara.
Inzwi  ma harmonic vibrations, mafrequency ayo ane hukama seintegers uye anokonzera manzwiro anofadza mumunhu ( consonance ) Mavibrations ari padyo asi akasiyana muma frequency anokonzera kusanzwa kufadza ( dissonance ) Kudengenyeka kweruzha neinoenderera mberi frequency spectra kunoonekwa nemunhu seruzha.
Kupindirana kwemarudzi ose ekuratidzwa kwezvinhu kwagara kuchionekwa nevanhu. Pythagoras akafunga kuti zviyero zvenhamba dzinotevera ndezvemashiripiti: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4. Chinhu chakakosha chinogona kuyerwa nacho zvese zvimiro zvemutauro wemimhanzi semitone (diki diki pakati pemanzwi maviri). Iyo yakapfava uye yakanyanya kukosha yadzo inguva. Nguva yacho ine ruvara rwayo uye kutaura, zvichienderana nekukura kwayo. Horizontals (melodic mitsetse) uye verticals ( chords ) yezvimiro zvemimhanzi inoumbwa nepakati. Ndiwo mapindiro ari palette kubva kunoitwa basa remimhanzi.

Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa nemuenzaniso

Zvatinazvo:

- maitikiro , inoyerwa nehertz (Hz), musimboti wayo, mumashoko akapfava, kangani pasekondi imwe kuzhamba kunoitika. Semuenzaniso, kana ukakwanisa kurova chigubhu pa4 pasekondi, zvinoreva kuti uri kurova pa4Hz.

- wavelength - kudzokororwa kweiyo frequency uye inosarudza nguva pakati peoscillations. Pane hukama pakati pe frequency uye wavelength, zvinoti: maitikiro = speed/wavelength. Saizvozvo, oscillation ine frequency ye4 Hz ichave newavelength ye1/4 = 0.25 m.

- chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chine frequency yayo

- yega yega monochromatic (yakachena) ruvara inotemerwa nehurefu hwayo, uye nekudaro ine frequency yakaenzana nekumhanya kwechiedza / wavelength.

Tsamba iri pane imwe octave. Kusimudza noti imwe octave kumusoro, kuwanda kwayo kunofanirwa kuwanzwa ne 2. Semuenzaniso, kana chinyorwa La chekutanga octave chine frequency ye220Hz, ipapo frequency yeLa ye chepiri octave ichave 220 × 2 = 440Hz.

Kana tikaenda kumusoro uye kumusoro kumusoro zvinyorwa, tinozoona kuti pa41 octaves the maitikiro ichawira mune inooneka mwaranzi spectrum, iri pakati kubva 380 kusvika 740 nanometers (405-780 THz). Apa ndipo patinotanga kuenzanisa noti kune rumwe ruvara.

Zvino ngatifukidzei mufananidzo uyu nemurarabungu. Zvinoitika kuti mavara ese eiyo spectrum anokodzera mune ino system. Bhuruu uye bhuruu mavara, nekuda kwemaonero emanzwiro akafanana, mutsauko unongova mukusimba kwemuvara.

Zvakazoitika kuti iyo yese spectrum inoonekwa kuziso remunhu inokwana mune imwe octave kubva kuFa # kuenda kuFa. Nokudaro, chokwadi chokuti munhu anosiyanisa 7 mavara ekutanga mumuraraungu, uye 7 manotsi muchiyero chechiyero haisi kungoitika, asi hukama.

Zvinotaridzika seizvi:

Ukoshi A (semuenzaniso 8000A) chikamu chechiyero Angstrom.

1 angstrom = 1.0 × 10-10 mamita = 0.1 nm = 100 pm

10000 Å = 1 µm

Ichi chiyero chekuyera chinowanzoshandiswa mufizikisi, sezvo 10-10 m ndiyo inenge radius yekutenderera kweerekitironi muatomu yehydrogen isingafadzi. Mavara echikamu chinooneka anoyerwa muzviuru zvemangstrom.

Chiedza chinooneka chinobva pa7000 Å (tsvuku) kusvika pa4000 Å (violet). Mukuwedzera, kune imwe neimwe yemavara manomwe ekutanga anoenderana ne maitikiro m yeruzha uye kurongeka kwemhanzi manotsi eoctave, ruzha rwunoshandurwa kuita munhu-anoonekwa.
Heino kupatsanurwa kwezvinhanho kubva pane chimwe chidzidzo pahukama pakati peruvara nemimhanzi:

Tsvuku  - m2 uye b7 (diki yechipiri uye huru yechinomwe), muzvisikwa chiratidzo chenjodzi, alarm. Kurira kwezviviri izvi kwakaoma, kwakapinza.

Orenji - b2 uye m7 (huru yechipiri uye duku yechinomwe), yakapfava, isinganyanyi kusimbisa kufunganya. Ruzha rwenguva idzi rwakati dzikamei kupfuura rwakambopfuura.

Yero - m3 uye b6 (diki yechitatu uye huru yechitanhatu), inonyanya kubatanidzwa nekuvhuvhuta, rugare rwayo runosuruvarisa uye zvese zvakabatana nazvo. Mumimhanzi, nguva idzi ndidzo hwaro hwe zvishoma a, rudzi a, iyo inowanzoonekwa senzira yekuratidza kusuwa, kufunga, uye kusuwa.

Girinhi - b3 uye m6 (huru yechitatu uye diki yechitanhatu), ruvara rwehupenyu mune zvakasikwa, seruvara rwemashizha nehuswa. Nguva idzi ndidzo hwaro hwehukuru rudzi a, izvo rudzi yechiedza, tariro, inosimbisa hupenyu.

Bhuruu nebhuruu - ch4 na ch5 (china chakachena uye chechishanu chakachena), ruvara rwegungwa, denga, nzvimbo. Nguva dzepakati dzinonzwika nenzira imwechete - yakafara, yakakura, zvishoma se "kusina".

Violet - uv4 uye um5 (yakawedzera yechina uye yakadzikira yechishanu), nguva dzinoda kuziva uye dzisinganzwisisike, dzinonzwika zvakafanana uye dzinosiyana chete mukuperetera. Kupindirana kwaunogona kusiya chero kiyi uye kuuya kune chero imwe. Vanopa mukana wekupinda munyika yenzvimbo yemimhanzi. Ruzha rwavo harunzwisisike, harina kugadzikana, uye rinoda kumwe kukura kwemimhanzi. Iyo inonyatso pindirana neruvara rweviolet, iyo yakafanana yakanyanya uye isina kugadzikana mune yese yemavara spectrum. Rudzi urwu runodedera uye oscillates, rinoshanduka nyore kuita mavara, zvikamu zvaro zvakatsvuka uye bhuruu.

Chena chiri pasi pasi , huwandu kuti zvachose nguva dzese dzemimhanzi dzinopindirana. Zvinoonekwa serugare rwakakwana. Kubatanidza mavara ose emuraraungu kunopa chena. Octave inoratidzwa nenhamba 8, yakawanda ye 4. Uye 4, maererano nePythagorean system, chiratidzo chekwere, kukwana, kupera.

Ichi chinongova chikamu chiduku chemashoko anogona kutaurirwa pamusoro pehukama hwezwi uye ruvara.
Kune zvimwe zvakakomba zvidzidzo zvakaitwa mose muRussia uye kuMadokero. Ndakaedza kutsanangura uye kuenzanisa bundle iri kune avo vasina ruzivo nezve dzidziso yemimhanzi.
Gore rakapfuura, ndaiita basa rine chekuita nekuongororwa kwemifananidzo uye kuvakwa kwemepu yemavara kuti ndione mapatani.