Clavichord - mutangiri wepiyano

CLAVICHORD (yanonoka Latin clavichordium, kubva kuLatin clavis - kiyi uye Greek χορδή - tambo) - kabhodhi kadiki kane tambo-inorovera mumhanzi chiridzwa - ndeimwe yevanotangira piyano.

Kunze, clavichord inoita sepiyano. Zvikamu zvaro zvakare kesi ine keyboard uye mana anomira. Zvisinei, apa ndipo panoperera kufanana kwacho. Ruzha rwe clavichord rwakatorwa nekuda kwe tangent mechanics. Chii chakanga chiri muitiro wakadaro? Pakupera kwekiyi, clavichord ine pini yesimbi ine musoro wakatsetseka - tangent (kubva kuLatin tangens - kubata, kubata), iyo, kana kiyi ichidzvanywa, inobata tambo uye inoramba ichidzvanywa pairi, ichiparadzanisa tambo. muzvikamu zviviri:

1. kurira zvakasununguka uye kuita ruzha;
2. yakafukidzwa nenyoro yakarukwa.

Zvichienderana nokuti tambo yacho yakabatwa papi, tambo imwe chete yaigona kuburitsa ruzha rwemanzwi akasiyana.

Iyo clavichords yaive yemhando mbiri:

• avo vakashandisa tambo imwechete yematoni akasiyana - iyo inonzi yakabatanidzwa clavichords - tangents ye 2-3 makiyi akashanda pane imwe tambo (somuenzaniso, mu clavichords ane 46 makiyi, nhamba yetambo yaiva 22-26);
• iyo iyo imwe neimwe toni (kiyi) ine tambo yayo - "yemahara" clavichords - mavari kiyi imwe neimwe inofananidzwa netambo yakakosha.

(A/B) makiyi; (1A/1B) PTTs (simbi); (2A/2B) makiyi; (3) tambo (kunyanya, chikamu chayo chinorira kana tangent inorohwa); (4) bhodhi renzwi; (5) tuning pini; (6) damper

Dzimwe nguva octave yakaderera ye clavichord yakapfupiswa - zvishoma diatonic. Kudziya uye kutaura, unyoro uye kunyorova kwekurira kwechiridzwa chinotsanangurwa nenzira yakakosha yekugadzira ruzha - kungwarira, sekunge zvinokambaira zvichibata kiyi. Kuzunungusa zvishoma kiyi yakadzvanywa (yakabatanidzwa kune tambo), zvaigoneka kupa ruzha kudedera. Iyi nzira yakava hunhu hwekuita nzira yekuridza clavichord, izvo zvaive zvisingaite pane zvimwe zviridzwa zve keyboard.

Nhoroondo uye chimiro

Iyo clavichord ndechimwe chezviridzwa zvekare zvekare uye inotorwa kubva kune yekare monochord. Iro zita rekuti "clavichord" rakatanga kutaurwa mumagwaro kubva 1396, uye chiridzwa chekare chakasara chakagadzirwa muna 1543 naDomenicus Pisaurensis uye chave muLeipzig Museum yeMusical Instruments.

Clavichord yakagoverwa munyika dzese dzeEurope. Pakutanga, yakanga ine chimiro chebhokisi rectangular uye yakaisa patafura panguva yemutambo. Gare gare, mutumbi wakanga wakashongedzerwa makumbo. Zviyero zveclavichord zvakabva kune zvidiki (octave) zvakaita bhuku-zviridzwa kusvika kune zvakakura, zvine muviri unosvika 1,5 metres kureba. Huwandu hwemaoctave pakutanga hwaingova maviri nehafu, asi kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX hwakawedzera kusvika ina, uye gare gare hwakaenzana neshanu octaves.

Munyori uye clavichord

 Kune iyo clavichord, mabasa akagadzirwa nevanyori vakuru vakaita saIS Bach, mwanakomana wake CFE Bach, VA Mozart uye kunyange L. van Beethoven (kunyangwe panguva yekupedzisira, piyano yakauya mufashoni nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza - chiridzwa icho Beethoven aifarira chaizvo). Nekuda kwekunzwika kwayo kwakanyarara, clavichord yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwepamba uye pakutanga kwezana ramakore re19. pakupedzisira yakatsiviwa ne pianoforte.