Specific music |

Mumhanzi chaiwo (French musice concrite) - nziyo dzemumhanzi dzakagadzirwa nekurekodha pamatepi dec. manzwi echisikigo kana ekugadzira, kushandurwa kwavo, kusanganisa nekugadzirisa. Yemazuva ano Iyo nzira yekurekodha yemagineti yekurira inoita kuti zvive nyore kushandura ruzha (semuenzaniso, nekumhanyisa uye kunonoka kufamba kwetepi, pamwe nekuifambisa kune yakatarisana), vasanganise (nenguva imwe chete kurekodha akati wandei akasiyana. patepi) woaisa mune chero kutevedzana. MuK.m., kusvika kumwero wakati, manzwi evanhu anoshandiswa. manzwi nemimhanzi. zvishandiso, zvisinei zvinhu zvekuvaka zvigadzirwa. K.m. marudzi ose eruzha runoitika muupenyu. K.m. - imwe yemazuva ano maitiro emazuva ano. zarub. music. Vatsigiri veK.m. kupembedza nzira yavo yekunyora mimhanzi nenyaya yekuti kushandiswa kwezvinonzi chete. mimhanzi inonzwika sezvinonzi inoganhurira munyori, iyo munyori ane kodzero yekushandisa kugadzira basa rake. chero manzwi. Vanofunga kuti K.m. sechinhu chitsva mundima yemimhanzi. art-va, inokwanisa kutsiva uye kutsiva yekare mhando dzemimhanzi. Muchokwadi, kugadzirwa kweComposite zvinhu, izvo zvinotyora neiyo system yepitch organisation, hazviwedzere, asi zvinogumira kune zvakanyanya mikana yekuratidza humwe hunyanzvi. content. Imwe nzira yakanyatsogadzirwa yekugadzira CM (kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemidziyo yakakosha ye "editing" uye kusanganisa manzwi - iyo inonzi "phonogen" ine keyboard, tepi rekodha ine 3 disks, nezvimwewo) ndeyekukosha kunozivikanwa chete kune shandisa se "ruzha dhizaini" yemitambo, ega ega episodhi emafirimu, nezvimwe.

"Muvambi" weK.m., mumiriri wayo akatanhamara uye anoparadzira mashoko, ndiye French. acoustic engineer P. Schaeffer, akapa iyi nhungamiro uye zita rayo. Mabasa ake ekutanga e "concrete" anodzokera ku1948: chidzidzo "Turniquet" ("Ütude aux tourniquets"), "Chidzidzo cheRailway" ("Ütude aux chemins de fer") nemimwe mitambo, iyo muna 1948 yakaparadzirwa naFranz. redhiyo pasi pezita rezita. “Noise Concert” Muna 1949, P. Henri akakumbanira Schaeffer; pamwe chete vakasika "Symphony yemunhu mumwe" ("Symphonie pour un homme seul"). Muna 1951 pasi paFranz. redhiyo, kuedza "Boka reZvidzidzo muMunda weConcrete Music" yakarongwa, iyo yaisanganisirawo vanyori - P. Boulez, P. Henri, O. Messiaen, A. Jolivet, F. Arthuis nevamwe (vamwe vavo vakagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana mabasa eK.m.). Kunyange zvazvo maitiro matsva akawana kwete vatsigiri chete, asiwo vanopikisa, munguva pfupi yakapfuura nyika. framework. Kwete vanhu veFrance chete vakatanga kuuya kuParis, asiwo vatorwa. vanyori vakagamuchira ruzivo rwekugadzira classical music. Muna 1958, pasi pehusachigaro hweSchaeffer, Makore gumi ekutanga eMimhanzi Yekuedza yakaitwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, Schaeffer akatsanangura zvakare zvakadzama mabasa eboka rake, iro kubva panguva iyoyo rakazozivikanwa se "Group of Musical Research pasi paFranz. redhiyo neterevhizheni". Boka rinonakidzwa nerutsigiro rweUNESCO International Music Council. Franz. magazini inonzi “La revue musicale” yakatsaurirwa kuzvinetso zvaK. m. zvitatu zvakakosha. nhamba (1957, 1959, 1960).

References: Mibvunzo yemusicology. Yearbook, vol. 2, 1955, M., 1956, p. 476-477; Shneerson G., Nezvemimhanzi mupenyu uye akafa, M., 1964, p. 311-318; yake, mimhanzi yechiFrench yezana ramakore reXX, M., 1970, p. 366; Schaeffer P., A la recherche d une musique concrite, P., 1952; Scriabine Marina, Pierre Boulez et la musique concrite, "RM", 1952, No 215; Bharuki GW, Was is Musique concrite?, Melos, Jahrg. XX, 1953; Keller W., Elektronische Musik und Musique concrite, “Merkur”, Jahrg. IX, H. 9, 1955; Roullin J., Musique concrite…, in: Klangstruktur der Musik, hrsg. von Fr. Winckel, B., 1955, S. 109-132; Zvakaitika musicales. Musiques concrite electronique extoque, "La Revue musicale", P., 1959, No 244; Vers une musique experimentale, ibid., R., 1957, No 236 (Numéro spécial); Casini C, L impiego nella colonna sonora délia musica elettronica e della concreta, mu: Musica e film, Roma, 1959, p. 179-93; Schaeffer P., Musique concrite et connaissance de l objet musical, “Revue Belge de Musicologie”, XIII, 1959; Zvakaitika. Paris. Juni. 1959. Par le groupe de recherches musicales de la Radiodiffusion-Télévision française…, “La Revue musicale”, P., 1960, No 247; Judd F. C, Mumhanzi weElectronics uye musique concrite, L., 1961; Schaeffer P., Traité des objets musicaux, P., 1966.

GM Schneerson