RIMSKY - KORSAKOV: MUmhanzi wezvinhu zvitatu - Gungwa, nzvimbo uye ngano.

     Teerera kumimhanzi yeRimsky-Korsakov. Hauzooni kuti uchatakurwa sei  munyika ye FAIRY TALES, mashiripiti, fungidziro. "Husiku Pamberi peKisimusi", "Goridhe Cockerel", "The Snow Maiden"... Aya nemamwe akawanda mabasa e "Mukuru Wenyaya Mumhanzi" Rimsky-Korsakov azere nekurota kwemwana kwehupenyu hwengano, hwekunaka. uye kururamisira. Magamba eepics, ngano, uye ngano anobva kuhumambo hwemimhanzi kupinda munyika yako yezviroto. Nechimwe nechimwe chord itsva, miganhu yengano inokura nekufara. Uye, zvino, hausisiri muimba yemimhanzi. Masvingo akaparara uye iwe  -  murwi muhondo ne  Muroyi Uye kuti kurwa kwengano nechakaipa kuchapera sei zvinoenderana nehushingi hwako!

     Kukunda Kwezvakanaka. Munyori akarota izvi. Aida kuti munhu wese ari Panyika, Vese Hunhu, vashanduke kuita chisikwa chakachena, chisina hunhu cheGreat COSMOS. Rimsky-Korsakov aidavira kuti kana Munhu akadzidza "kutarisa  kunyeredzi,” nyika yavanhu ichava iri nani, yakakwana zvikuru, ine mutsa. Akarota kuti nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare Harmony yemunhu neCosmos isina muganhu yaizouya, kungofanana nekurira kunopindirana kwe "diki" chinyorwa mu symphony yakakura inogadzira mimhanzi yakanaka. Munyori akarota kuti paisazova nezvinonyorwa zvenhema kana vanhu vakaipa munyika. 

        Chimwe chinhu chinonzwika mumhanzi wemuimbi mukuru - idzi ndidzo nziyo dzeOCEAN, rhythms yeumambo hwepasi pemvura. Nyika yemashiripiti yePoseidon ichagara ichikunakidza uye nekukunakidza. Asi hadzisi nziyo dzenhema dzengano Sirens dzichabata nzeve dzako. Iwe uchave uchinakidzwa nemimhanzi yakanaka, yakachena yenzvimbo dzegungwa inokudzwa naRimsky-Korsakov mune operas "Sadko", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", uye suite "Scheherazade".

     Nyaya yeFairy Tales yakabva kupi mumabasa eRimsky-Korsakov, nei akafadzwa nemafungiro eSpace neGungwa? Zvakaitika sei kuti zvinhu izvi zvimene zvakatemerwa kuva nyeredzi dzinotungamirira dzebasa rake? KuMuse wake akasvika nenzira dzipi? Ngatitsvagei mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi muuduku hwake uye kuyaruka.

     Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky - Korsakov akaberekwa musi waMarch 6, 1844. muguta duku reTikhvinsk, mudunhu reNovgorod. Mumhuri yaNikolai (zita remhuri yake rainzi Niki) maiva nevakawanda  vakuru vakuru vemauto emugungwa vane mukurumbira, pamwe chete nevakuru vakuru vehurumende.

     Sekuru vaNicholas, Murwi Yakovlevich Rimsky - Korsakov (1702-1757), akazvipira kuhondo yehondo. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuMaritime Academy, akarinda miganhu yemvura yeRussia muBaltic  mumvura dzeSt. Akava mutevedzeri wemutevedzeri uye akatungamirira boka reKronstadt.

      Sekuru  Niki, Pyotr Voinovich, akasarudza nzira yakasiyana muupenyu. Akashumira hurumende munharaunda yevanhu: akanga ari mutungamiri wevakuru. Asi ichi hachisi chikonzero nei akazova munhu ane mukurumbira mumhuri. Akave nemukurumbira nekuda kwechiito chake chekupererwa: akapamba mudiwa wake asina kugamuchira mvumo kubva kuvabereki vake yekuroora.

       Vanoti Nikolai, munyori mukuru weramangwana, akapiwa zita racho mukukudza babamunini vake, Nikolai Petrovich Rimsky - Korsakov (1793-1848).  Akakwira chinzvimbo chemutevedzeri wemutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika. Akaita nzendo dzakawanda dzemugungwa dzehugamba, kusanganisira kutora chikamu mukutenderera kwenyika. Munguva yeHondo ye1812 akarwa pasi neFrance pedyo neSmolensk, uyewo pamunda weBorodino uye pedyo neTarutino. Akagamuchira mibairo yakawanda yemauto. Muna 1842 nokuda kwebasa kunyika yababa akagadzwa mutungamiriri wePeter the Great Naval Corps (Naval Institute).

       Baba vomunyori, Andrei Petrovich (1778-1862), akasvika pakakwirira mubasa rachangamire. Akave mutevedzeri wagavhuna wedunhu reVolyn. Zvisinei, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, zvichida nekuda kwekuti haana kuratidza kuoma kunodiwa kune vakasununguka vanofunga - vanopikisa simba re tsarist, akadzingwa muna 1835. kubva mubasa nepenjeni yakaderera zvikuru. Izvi zvakaitika makore mapfumbamwe Nick asati aberekwa. Baba vakabva vafa.

      Andrei Petrovich haana kutora chikamu chakakomba mukurera mwanakomana wake. Ushamwari hwababa naNikolai hwakakanganiswa nekusiyana kukuru kwezera. Apo Niki akaberekwa, Andrei Petrovich akanga atova nemakore anopfuura 60 okuberekwa.

     Amai vemunyori weramangwana, Sofya Vasilievna, aiva mwanasikana wemuridzi akapfuma Skaryatin.  uye serf mukadzi murombo. Amai vaida mwanakomana wavo, asi vaivawo nemusiyano mukuru kwazvo wezera naNiki - angangoita makore makumi mana. Pane dzimwe nguva paitova nekunetsana pakati pavo. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi chaiva, zvichida, kwete kunyange matambudziko ane chokuita nezera.  Akanga akaora mwoyo  kushaya mari mumhuri. Aikarira kuti mwanakomana wake, zvichida kunyange mukupesana nezvido zvake amene, aizosarudza basa rinobhadhara zvikuru romukuru mukuru wengarava kana akura. Uye akasunda Nikolai kune chinangwa ichi, achitya kuti aizotsauka kubva munzira yaaida.

     Saka, Nika akanga asina vezera mumhuri yake. Kunyange mukoma wake aiva mukuru kuna Nikolai nemakore 22. Uye kana tikarangarira kuti munun’una wake akanga akatanhamara nechimiro chendangariro chakaoma (vakamupa zita rokuti Murwi mukukudza sekuru vasekuru vake), chaizvoizvo vakanga vasina ushamwari hupi nohupi hwomudzimu. Zvisinei, Nika, aiva nechido chemukoma wake.  Mushure mezvose, Murwi akasarudza basa rakaoma uye rerudo remutyairi wengarava!

      Upenyu pakati pevakuru, avo vakakanganwa kwenguva refu zvishuvo nemafungiro avo ehuduku, hunoita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwekuita uye chokwadi mumwana, kazhinji pamusana pekurota masikati. Izvi hazvitsananguri here chido chemunyori wenguva yemberi chezvirongwa zvengano munziyo dzake? Iye  akaedza "kurarama" mukukura iyo inoshamisa hupenyu hwengano hwakanga hwapotsa hwanyimwa muhudiki?

     Kusanganiswa kusingawanzo kwekuita uye kurota kwejaya kunogona kuonekwa mumutsara unozivikanwa weRimsky-Korsakov, wakanzwika mutsamba yake kuna amai vake: "Tarisa nyeredzi, asi usatarisa uye usadonha." Kutaura nezvenyeredzi. Nikolai akatanga kufarira kuverenga nyaya dzenyeredzi uye akatanga kufarira zvenyeredzi.

     Gungwa, mu“kurwisana” kwaro nenyeredzi, “harina kuda” kusiya nzvimbo yaro. Vakuru vakasimudza Nikolai achiri mudiki semutungamiriri wenguva yemberi, kaputeni wechikepe. Nguva yakawanda yakapedzwa pakurovedza muviri. Akanga ajaira gymnastics uye kuomerera zvakasimba kumuitiro wezuva nezuva. Akakura ari mukomana akasimba, akasimba. Vakuru vaida kuti azvimirire uye ashande nesimba.  Takaedza kusapambadza. Vakadzidzisa kukwanisa kuteerera uye kuva nomutoro. Zvimwe ndosaka airatidzika (kunyanya nezera) kunge munhu akasarudzika, akachengetwa, asingataudzani uye kunyange munhu akaomarara.

        Nekuda kwekurererwa kwakaomarara kweSpartan, Nikolai zvishoma nezvishoma akagadzira kuda kwesimbi, pamwe nemaitiro akasimba uye anomanikidza kwaari.

      Zvakadini nemimhanzi? Pane imwe nzvimbo yake here muhupenyu hwaNika? Zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti, atanga kudzidza mimhanzi, mudiki Rimsky-Korsakov, muzviroto zvake, akaramba akamira pabhiriji remutungamiriri wechikepe chehondo uye akaraira kuti: "Rega mitsetse yekumisa!" jib uye ramba uripo!"

    Uye kunyange zvazvo akatanga kuridza piyano pazera remakore matanhatu, rudo rwake rwemimhanzi haruna kumuka pakarepo uye haruna kukurumidza kuva ruzere uye runopedza zvose. Nzeve yaNika yakanakisa yemumhanzi uye ndangariro yakanaka, yaakawana pakutanga, yairidza ichifarira mimhanzi. Amai vake vaifarira kuimba uye vainzwa zvakanaka, uye baba vake vakadzidzawo kuimba. Sekuru vaNikolai, Pavel Petrovich (1789-1832), uyo Niki aiziva kubva munyaya dzehama, aigona kutamba kubva mumusoro chero chidimbu kubva kune imwe mimhanzi inonzwika yemhando ipi zvayo yakaoma. Akanga asingazivi zvinyorwa. Asi ainzwa zvakanaka uye aiyeuka zvinoshamisa.

     Kubva pazera remakore gumi nerimwe, Niki akatanga kunyora mabasa ake okutanga. Kunyangwe achazozvishongedza neruzivo rwakakosha rwedzidzo munzvimbo ino, uyezve zvishoma, mushure mechikamu chechina chezana ramakore.

     Pakasvika nguva yekuti Nikolai aite hunyanzvi, hapana vakuru kana Nika ane makore gumi nemaviri aive nekusahadzika kwekuenda kunodzidza. Muna 1856 akagoverwa kuNaval Cadet Corps (St. Petersburg). Chikoro chatanga. Pakutanga zvinhu zvose zvakafamba zvakanaka. Nekudaro, mushure memakore akati wandei, kufarira kwake mumhanzi kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kutarisana nemashure edzidziso dzakaoma dzine chekuita nenyaya dzechikepe dzakadzidziswa pachikoro chengarava. Munguva yake yekusununguka kubva pakudzidza, Nikolai akawedzera kushanyira St. Petersburg Opera House. Ndakateerera nechido chikuru kunziyo dzaRossini, Donizetti naCarl von Weber (akatangira Wagner). Ndakafadzwa nemabasa aMI Glinka: "Ruslan naLyudmila", "Hupenyu hweTsar" ("Ivan Susanin"). Ndakafarira opera "Robert the Dhiyabhorosi" naGiacomo Meyerbeer. Kufarira mumhanzi waBeethoven naMozart kwakakura.

    Basa guru mukuguma kwaRimsky-Korsakov rakaridzwa neRussia pianist uye mudzidzisi Fyodor Andreevich Kanille. Muna 1859-1862 Nikolai akatora zvidzidzo kubva kwaari. Fyodor Andreevich akaonga zvikuru kugona kwejaya. Akandipa zano rokuti nditange kugadzira mimhanzi. Ndakamuzivisa kumunyori ane ruzivo MA Balakirev nevaimbi vaive chikamu che "Mighty Handful" mimhanzi denderedzwa raakaronga.

     Muna 1861-1862, ndiko kuti, mumakore maviri okupedzisira ekudzidza muNaval Corps, Rimsky-Korsakov, pazano raBalakirev, akatanga, pasinei nekushaiwa ruzivo rwakakwana rwemimhanzi, kunyora rwiyo rwake rwekutanga. Izvi zvinogoneka here: pasina kugadzirira kwakakodzera uye nekukurumidza kutora symphony? Iyi ndiyo yaive nzira yebasa remusiki we "Mighty Handful". Balakirev aidavira kuti kushanda pachidimbu, kunyange kana yakanyanya kuoma kune mudzidzi, inobatsira nokuti sezvinonyorwa mimhanzi, nzira yekudzidza unyanzvi hwekugadzira inoitika. Ronga mabasa akaoma zvisingaite…

     Basa remimhanzi mupfungwa uye kuguma kwaRimsky-Korsakov rakatanga kutonga pamusoro pezvimwe zvose. Nikolai akaita shamwari dzine pfungwa dzakafanana: Mussorgsky, Stasov, Cui.

     Nguva yekupedza zvidzidzo zvake zvemugungwa yakanga yava kusvika. Amai vaNikolai nemukoma wake mukuru, avo vaizviona sevane mutoro webasa raNikolai, vakaona kuwedzera kwaNika kwekuda mumhanzi sekutyisidzira basa reNika. Kupikisa kwakasimba kwekuda kwehunyanzvi kwakatanga.

     Amai, vachiedza “kuita kuti” mwanakomana wavo aite basa remugungwa, vakanyorera mwanakomana wavo kuti: “Mimhanzi chinhu chevasikana vasingaiti basa uye varaidzo yakapfava kumurume akabatikana.” Akataura nenzwi rekupedzisira achiti: “Handidi kuti chido chako chemimhanzi chikuvadze basa rako.” Ichi chinzvimbo chemudiwa chakakonzera kutonhora kweukama hwemwanakomana naamai vake kwenguva refu.

     Matanho akanyanya kuomarara akatorwa kuna Nika nemukoma wake. Murwi akamira kubhadhara zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kubva kuFA Canille.  Kutenda kwaFyodor Andreevich, akakumbira Nikolai kuti adzidze naye pasina mubhadharo.

       Amai namukoma, vachitungamirirwa nezvavaifunga kuti zvaiva nevavariro dzakanaka, vakawana kuti Nikolai apinzwe muchikwata chemukepe wechikepe Almaz, uyo akanga achigadzirira kufamba rwendo rurefu achiyambuka Baltic, Atlantic Ocean neGungwa reMediterranean. Saka, muna 1862 Pakarepo apedza kudzidza nerukudzo kubva kuNaval Corps, midshipman Rimsky-Korsakov, pazera remakore gumi nemasere, akatanga rwendo rwemakore matatu.

      Kweanenge mazuva ane chiuru akazviwana aparadzaniswa nemhoteredzo yemimhanzi neshamwari. Nenguva isipi akatanga kunzwa kuremerwa nerwendo urwu pakati, sezvaakataura, "sajeni majors" (imwe yenzvimbo dzakaderera dzevakuru, iyo yakave yakafanana nehutsinye, hutsinye, dzidzo yakaderera uye tsika yakaderera yemaitiro). Akafunga iyi nguva yakarasika yekugadzira uye dzidzo yemimhanzi. Uye, zvechokwadi, munguva ye "gungwa" yehupenyu hwake, Nikolai akakwanisa kunyora zvishomanana: chikamu chechipiri chete (Andante) che First Symphony. Zvechokwadi, kushambira mune imwe pfungwa kwakakanganisa dzidzo yemimhanzi yeRimsky-Korsakov. Akakundikana kuwana ruzivo rwakazara rwekirasi mumunda wemimhanzi. Ainetsekana nazvo. Uye chete apo muna 1871, atova munhu mukuru, akakokwa kudzidzisa zvinoshanda (kwete theoretical) kuumbwa, chiridzwa uye orchestration paConservatory, akazopedzisira atora basa rekutanga.  kudzidza. Akakumbira vadzidzisi vepachikoro kuti vamubatsire kuwana zivo inodiwa.

      Rwendo rwemazuva ane chiuru, pasinei nematambudziko ose nematambudziko, kuparadzaniswa nechinhu chemimhanzi chakanga chave chaakaberekerwa, chakanga chisati chapambadza nguva. Rimsky-Korsakov akakwanisa kuwana (zvichida asingazvizivi panguva iyoyo) ruzivo rwakakosha, pasina izvo basa rake zvichida ringadai risina kujeka.

     Chiuru chehusiku hwakapedzwa pasi penyeredzi, kuratidzira paSpace, high destiny  Basa remunhu munyika ino, ruzivo rwehuzivi, pfungwa dzechikero chikuru zvakabaya mwoyo wemunyori semeteorites ari kudonha.

     Dingindira rechinhu chegungwa nerunako rwayo rusingaperi, madutu nemadutu zvakawedzera ruvara kune yakanakisa, inoyevedza mimhanzi palette yeRimsky-Korsakov.  Mushure mekushanyira nyika yeSpace, Fantasy uye Gungwa, munyori, sekunge ari kunyura mumakona matatu akanaka kwazvo, akashandurwa, akavandudzwa, uye akatumbuka nekuda kwekugadzira.

    Muna 1865 Nikolai nokusingaperi, asingachinjiki akaburuka kubva muchikepe kuenda kunyika. Akadzokera kunyika yemimhanzi kwete semunhu akaparara, asina kugumburwa nenyika yose, asi semunyori azere nesimba rekugadzira uye zvirongwa.

      Uye iwe, vechidiki, munofanira kuyeuka kuti "dema", mutsara usina kunaka muupenyu hwemunhu, kana ukaibata pasina kusuruvara kwakanyanya kana kusava netariro, inogona kunge ine zviyo zvechimwe chinhu chakanaka chinogona kukubatsira iwe mune ramangwana. Patience shamwari yangu. Kugadzikana uye kugadzikana.

     Mugore rekudzoka kwake kubva kugungwa, Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov akapedza kunyora yake First Symphony. Yakatanga kuitwa musi waDecember 19, 1865. Nikolai Andreevich akafunga zuva iri kutanga kwebasa rake rekunyora. Panguva iyoyo akanga ava nemakore makumi maviri nerimwe. Mumwe munhu anogona kutaura kana basa guru rekutanga rakaonekwa kunonoka? Rimsky-Korsakov aidavira kuti unogona kudzidza mimhanzi chero zera: matanhatu, gumi, makore makumi maviri, uye kunyange munhu mukuru. Zvimwe uchashamiswa zvikuru kuziva kuti munhu akachenjera, anonzvera anofunda upenyu hwake hwose, kutozosvikira akura zvikuru.

   Fungidzira kuti mudzidzi wepakati-kati aida kuziva chimwe chezvakavanzika zvikuru zvehuropi hwemunhu: kuti chiyeuchidzo chinochengetwa sei mairi.  Nzira yekunyora sei ku diski, uye, kana zvichidiwa, "verenga" mashoko ose akachengetwa muuropi, manzwiro, kukwanisa kutaura uye kunyange kugadzira? Fungidzira kuti shamwari yako  gore rakapfuura ndakabhururukira muchadenga kune nyeredzi mbiri Alpha Centauri (imwe yenyeredzi dziri pedyosa kwatiri, iri kure kure nemakore mana echiedza). Ikoko hakuna hukama naye, asi iwe unofanirwa kutaurirana naye, nekukurumidzira kubvunza pane imwe nyaya yakakosha, inozivikanwa kwaari chete. Iwe unobvisa iyo yakakosheswa dhisiki, batanidza kundangariro yeshamwari yako uye mumasekondi unowana mhinduro! Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko rekudhirodha ruzivo rwakavigwa mumusoro wemunhu, mudzidzi anofanirwa kudzidza zvichangobva kuitika zvesainzi mumunda wecerebral hypernano scanning yemasero ehuropi akakosha ane basa rekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza mapoinzi anobva kunze. Saka, tinofanira kudzidza zvakare.

    Kudiwa kwekuwana ruzivo rutsva, pasinei nezera, kwakanzwisiswa naRimsky-Korsakov, uye vamwe vanhu vakawanda vanonzwisisa. Imwe nyanzvi yekuSpain ine mukurumbira Francisco Goya akanyora mufananidzo wenyaya iyi ndokuudana kuti “Ndichiri kudzidza.”

     Nikolai Andreevich akaenderera mberi netsika dzeEuropean chirongwa symphony mubasa rake. Mune izvi akakurudzirwa zvakasimba naFranz Liszt naHector Berlioz.  Uye, hongu, MI yakasiya chiratidzo chakadzama pamabasa ake. Glinka.

     Rimsky-Korsakov akanyora gumi namashanu opera. Mukuwedzera kune avo vataurwa munyaya yedu, idzi "Mukadzi wePskov", "May Night", "Mwenga waTsar", "Kashchei the Immortal", "Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh uye Maiden Fevronia" nevamwe. . Ivo vanoratidzwa neyakajeka, yakadzika yemukati uye yenyika hunhu.

     Nikolai Andreevich akaumba sere symphonic mabasa, kusanganisira matatu symphonies, "Overture pamusoro Themes matatu Russian Nziyo", "Spanish Capriccio", "Bright Holiday". Mimhanzi yake inokatyamadza nemutinhimira wayo, hunyanzvi hwedzidzo, huchokwadi uye panguva imwe cheteyo hunoshamisa uye huroyi. Akagadzira symmetrical scale, iyo inonzi "Rimsky-Korsakov Gamma," iyo yaakashandisa kurondedzera nyika yekufungidzira.

      Mazhinji erudo rwake akawana mukurumbira mukuru: "Pazvikomo zveGeorgia", "Chii chiri muzita Rako", "The Quiet Blue Sea", "Southern Night", "Mazuva Angu Ari Kudhirowa Zvishoma nezvishoma". Pamwe chete, akagadzira anopfuura makumi matanhatu erudo.

      Rimsky-Korsakov akanyora mabhuku matatu pamusoro penhoroondo uye dzidziso yemimhanzi. Kubva 1874 akatanga kuitisa.

    Kuzivikanwa kwechokwadi semunyori hakuna kuuya kwaari nekukurumidza uye kwete nemunhu wese. Vamwe, vachipa rukudzo kurwiyo rwake rwakasiyana, vakapokana kuti haana kunyatso hunyanzvi hwekuita dramaturgy.

     Pakupera kwe90s yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mamiriro akachinja. Nikolai Andreevich akawana kuzivikanwa kwepasirese nebasa rake retitanic. Iye pachake akati: “Musanditi mukuru. Ingomuti Rimsky-Korsakov.