Mumhanzi wechirongwa |

German Programmusik, French mimhanzi purogiramu, ital. musica chirongwa chemumhanzi

Mabasa enziyo ane mamwe mashoko, kazhinji edetembo. purogiramu uye kuratidza zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa mairi. Chiitiko chemumhanzi programming chakabatana nechakananga. zvemimhanzi zvinoisiyanisa nevamwe. kudai-mu. Mundima yekuratidza manzwiro, mafungiro, uye hupenyu hwemweya hwemunhu, mimhanzi ine zvakanakira zvakakosha pane vamwe. kuda iwe. Zvisina kunanga, kuburikidza nemanzwiro uye manzwiro, mimhanzi inokwanisa kuratidza zvakawanda. zviitiko zvechokwadi. Nekudaro, haikwanise kunyatso tsanangura izvo chaizvo zvinokonzeresa izvi kana izvo manzwiro mumunhu, haakwanise kuzadzisa chinangwa, conceptual concreteness yekuratidzira. Mikana yekubatanidza kwakadaro ndeyemutauro wekutaura uye zvinyorwa. Kuvavarira kusimudzira, pfungwa yekusimbisa, vanyori vanogadzira mimhanzi yechirongwa. production; kunyora op. purogiramu, vanomanikidza nzira yemutauro wekutaura, unyanzvi. lit-ry kuita mukubatana, mukubatanidza nemamuse chaiwo. zvinoreva. Kubatana kwemimhanzi nemabhuku kunofambiswawo nekuti inyanzvi dzenguva pfupi, dzinokwanisa kuratidza kukura uye kukura kwechifananidzo. Kuyananisira kwakasiyana. mhosva yavepo kwenguva refu. Kare, kwakanga kusina masangano akazvimirira zvachose. mhando dzemhosva - vakaita pamwe chete, muhumwe, mhosva yacho yaive syncretic; panguva imwe chete iyo yakanga yakanyatsobatanidzwa nebasa rekushanda uye ne decomp. mhando dzetsika, tsika. Panguva iyoyo, imwe neimwe yekumhan'ara mhosva yakanga yakaganhurirwa zvikuru maererano nemari zvokuti yakanga isingawirirani. Kubatana kwakanangidzirwa pakugadzirisa matambudziko akashandiswa kwaisagona kuvapo. Kugoverwa kwakatevera kwezvikwereti kwakagadziriswa kwete chete nekuchinja kwehupenyu, asiwo nekukura kwemikana yeumwe neumwe wavo, inowanikwa mukati me syncretic. kubatana kwakabatana nekukura uku kweaesthetic. manzwiro evanhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kubatana kweunyanzvi hakuna kumbomira, kusanganisira kubatana kwemimhanzi neshoko, nhetembo - kunyanya mumarudzi ose ewoks. uye wok.-dramatic. marudzi. Pakutanga. Muzana ramakore re19th, mushure menguva refu yekuvapo kwemimhanzi nenhetembo sehunyanzvi hwakazvimirira, tsika yekubatana kwavo yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakange zvisingachaonekwi neutera hwavo, asi nesimba ravo, nekusundidzira avo kumagumo. yemikana. Kuwedzera kupfumisa kwekuratidzwa kwechokwadi mukusiyana kwayo kwese, mumativi ayo ese anogona kuwanikwa chete nekuita kwekubatana kwemimhanzi nemashoko. Uye kuronga ndeimwe yemhando dzekubatana kwemimhanzi uye nzira dzemutauro wekutaura, pamwe chete nezvinyorwa, zvichiratidza kana kuratidza iwo mativi echinhu chimwe chete chekuratidzira, iyo mimhanzi isingakwanise kuburitsa nenzira yayo. T. o., chinhu chakakosha chemumhanzi wechirongwa. prod. ipurogiramu yemashoko yakagadzirwa kana kusarudzwa nemunyori pachake, ingave iri purogiramu pfupi inoratidza chiitiko chechokwadi, chaifungwa nemunyori (mutambo "Morning" naE. Grieg kubva kumimhanzi kuenda kudhirama naG. Ibsen "Peer Gynt"), dzimwe nguva "kunongedza" muteereri kune imwe mwenje. prod. ("Macbeth" R. Strauss - symphony. nhetembo “yakavakirwa pamutambo waShakespeare”), kana kuti chidimbu chakareba kubva mubhuku rekunyora, chirongwa chine udzame chakaumbwa nemunyori maererano nechiedza chimwe kana chimwe. prod. (symf. suite (2nd symphony) "Antar" naRimsky-Korsakov zvichienderana nengano yezita rimwe chete naO. Uye. Senkovsky) kana kusabatana nePh.D.

Haasi mazita ese, kwete tsananguro yese yemimhanzi inogona kutorwa sechirongwa chayo. Iyo purogiramu inogona chete kubva kune munyori wemimhanzi. Kana asina kuudza chirongwa, saka pfungwa yake chaiyo yakanga isiri purogiramu. Kana akatanga kupa Op yake. purogiramu, ndokubva aisiya, saka akashandura Op. muchikamu chisiri chechirongwa. Iyo purogiramu haisi tsananguro yemimhanzi, inozadzisa iyo, ichiratidza chimwe chinhu chisipo mumimhanzi, chisingasvikike kune embodiment yemamusi. zvinoreva (zvikasadaro zvingave zvisina basa). Mune izvi, inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune chero kuongororwa kwemimhanzi yeasiri-program op., chero tsananguro yemimhanzi yayo, kunyangwe iyo yakanyanya nhetembo, incl. uye kubva kurondedzero yemunyori weOp. uye achinongedza kune zvimwe zviitiko, to-rye zvakakonzerwa mukusika kwake. kuziva mamwe muses. mifananidzo. Uye zvinopesana - chirongwa op. haisi "shanduro" yepurogiramu pachayo mumutauro wemimhanzi, asi kuratidzwa kwemamusi. nzira yechinhu chimwe chete, icho chakasarudzwa, chinoratidzwa muchirongwa. Misoro yakapihwa nemunyori pachayo haisi chirongwa kana, kana ichireva kwete chaiyo chiitiko chechokwadi, asi pfungwa dzemhepo ine manzwiro, iyo mimhanzi inoburitsa zvakanyatsojeka (semuenzaniso, misoro senge "Kusuwa", nezvimwewo). Zvinoitika kuti purogiramu yakabatanidzwa kune chigadzirwa. nemunyori pachake, haisi muorganic. kubatana nemimhanzi, asi izvi zvakatotemwa nehunyanzvi. hunyanzvi hwemunyori, dzimwe nguva zvakare nemanyorero aakaita kana kusarudza chirongwa chemazwi. Izvi hazvinei nemubvunzo weiyo essence yechiitiko chechirongwa.

Muses pachake ane dzimwe nzira dzekuita concretization. mutauro. Pakati pavo pane Muses. kufananidzira (ona pikicha inonzwika) - kuratidzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemanzwi echokwadi, asociative anomiririra anogadzirwa nemimhanzi. manzwi - kureba, kureba, timbre. Imwe nzira yakakosha ye concretization ndeyewo kukwezva kwezvimiro zve "yakashandiswa" mhando - kutamba, kufora mumhando dzayo dzese, nezvimwewo. National-characteristic features of muses inogonawo kushanda se concretizations. mutauro, mimhanzi style. Idzi nzira dzese dze concretization dzinoita kuti zvikwanise kuratidza pfungwa yakajairika yeOp. (semuenzaniso, kukunda kwemasimba echiedza pane erima, nezvimwewo). Uye zvakadaro ivo havapi iyo substantive, conceptual concretization, iyo inopiwa nechirongwa chekutaura. Uyezve, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumimhanzi. prod. music chaiyo. nzira dze concretization, iyo inonyanya kudiwa pakuona kwakazara kwemimhanzi mazwi, chirongwa.

Imwe mhando yehurongwa ndeyekugadzira mifananidzo. Inosanganisira mabasa anoratidza mufananidzo mumwechete kana kuomarara kwemifananidzo yechokwadi isingaenderane nezvisikwa. kuchinja munguva yayo yose. Iyi ndiyo mifananidzo yezvisikwa (landscapes), mifananidzo ye bunks. mitambo, kutamba, hondo, nezvimwewo, mimhanzi. mifananidzo zvinhu zvezvisikwa zvisina hupenyu, pamwe nemifananidzo muses. mifananidzo.

Rudzi rwechipiri rukuru rwekugadzira mimhanzi - kuronga zvirongwa. Kunobva zvirongwa zvezvigadzirwa zvesoftware. yemhando iyi inoshanda zvakanyanya sehunyanzvi. lit. Mumhanzi wechirongwa-chirongwa. prod. music development. mifananidzo muhuwandu kana kunyanya inoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwechirongwa. Siyanisai pakati pegeneralized-plot programming uye sequential-plot programming. Munyori webasa rine chekuita neyakajairwa chirongwa chechirongwa uye chakabatana kuburikidza nechirongwa neimwe kana imwe yakavhenekerwa. kugadzirwa, haina chinangwa chekuratidza zviitiko zvinoratidzwa mairi mukutevedzana kwavo kwese uye kuomarara, asi inopa muses. hunhu hwemifananidzo mikuru ye lit. prod. uye hutungamiri huzhinji hwekuvandudzwa kwechirongwa, kuwirirana kwekutanga uye kwekupedzisira kwemasimba ekuita. Pane zvinopesana, munyori webasa reiyo serial-plot rudzi rwekuronga anotsvaka kuratidza nhanho dzepakati mukuvandudzwa kwezviitiko, dzimwe nguva kutevedzana kwese kwezviitiko. Kukwidza kurudzi urwu rwekuronga kunotsanangurwa nezvirongwa, umo nhanho dzepakati dzebudiriro, dzisingaenderere mberi nenzira yakatwasuka, asi dzinobatanidzwa nekuunzwa kwevatsva vatsva, neshanduko mukurongwa kwechiito, nezviitiko. izvo zvisiri mhedzisiro yakananga yemamiriro ekare, inove yakakosha. Kukwidza kuhurongwa hwekutevedzana kwechirongwa kunoenderanawo nekusika. muimbi marongero. Vanyori vakasiyana vanowanzo shandura zvimiro zvakafanana nenzira dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, njodzi "Romeo naJuliet" naW. Shakespeare yakafuridzira PI Tchaikovsky kuti aumbe basa. generalized ploting type of programming (overture-fantasy "Romeo naJuliet"), G. Berlioz - kugadzira chigadzirwa. sequential-plot type of programming (inoshamisa symphony "Romeo naJuliet", umo munyori anotopfuura symphonism yakachena uye inokwezva kutanga kwezwi).

Mundima yemimhanzi mutauro haugone kusiyaniswa. zviratidzo zveP. m Izvi ndezvechokwadi zvakare kune chimiro chezvigadzirwa zvesoftware. Mumabasa anomiririra mufananidzo wemhando yehurongwa, hapana zvinodikanwa zvekubuda kweiyo chaiyo. zvivakwa. Mabasa, to-rye akaiswa nevanyori vezvigadzirwa zvesoftware. yerudzi rwechinyorwa chakajairwa, zvinobudirira kuitwa nemafomu akagadzirwa mumimhanzi isiri-chirongwa, kunyanya iyo sonata allegro fomu. Vanyori vechirongwa op. sequential plot type inofanirwa kugadzira muses. chimiro, zvishoma kana zvishoma "parallel" kuchirongwa. Asi vanoivaka nekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana. mafomu emimhanzi isiri-chirongwa, inokwezva dzimwe nzira dzebudiriro dzakatomiririrwa zvakanyanya mairi. Pakati pavo pane nzira yakasiyana-siyana. Inokubvumira kuti uratidze shanduko dzisingakanganisi musimboti wechiitiko, maererano nezvimwe zvakawanda. zvakakosha zvinhu, asi zvakabatana nekuchengetedzwa kwehuwandu hweunhu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuziva chifananidzo, mune chero chimiro chitsva chinoratidzika. Nheyo ye monothematism yakabatana zvakanyanya neiyo nzira yekusiyanisa. Kushandisa musimboti uyu maererano neshanduko yekufananidzira, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya naF. Liszt munhetembo dzake dzesymphonic, nezvimwe. kugadzirwa, munyori anowana rusununguko rukuru rwekutevera chirongwa pasina njodzi yekuvhiringidza mimhanzi. kuzara op. Imwe mhando ye monothematism yakabatana neiyo leitmotif hunhu hwevatambi (ona. Keynote), inowana application Ch. arr. mune serial-plot zvigadzirwa. Sezvo yakatanga mu opera, hunhu hwe leitmotif hwakaendeswawo kunzvimbo ye instr. mimhanzi, uko imwe yekutanga uye yakanyanya kushandiswa kwairi yaive G. Berlioz. Chinhu chayo chiri muchokwadi chekuti dingindira rimwechete mukati meOp. anoita sechimiro chegamba rimwechete. Anoonekwa nguva imwe neimwe mune imwe mamiriro matsva, anoreva nharaunda nyowani yakatenderedza gamba. Iyi dingindira inogona kuzvishandura pachayo, asi shanduko mairi haishandure "chinangwa" chayo chirevo uye inongoratidzira shanduko yemamiriro egamba rimwe chete, shanduko yepfungwa pamusoro pake. Kugamuchirwa kweiyo leitmotif hunhu hwakakodzera zvakanyanya mumamiriro ecyclicity, suiteness uye inoshanduka kuva nzira ine simba yekubatanidza zvikamu zvinosiyanisa zvekutenderera, zvichiratidza chirongwa chimwe chete. Inogonesa kuratidzwa mumimhanzi yeanoteedzana mazano mazano uye kubatana kwezvimiro zve sonata allegro uye sonata-symphony mune imwechete-kufamba fomu. kutenderera, hunhu hwezvakagadzirwa naF. Pepa reiyo symphonic genre. nhetembo. Misc. nhanho dzechiito dzinofambiswa nerubatsiro rwevamwe vakazvimiririra. zvikamu, mutsauko unoenderana nekusiyana kwezvikamu zve sonata-symphony. kutenderera, zvino zvikamu izvi "zvinounzwa kukubatana" mukumanikidzwa kudzokorora, uye zvinoenderana nechirongwa, chimwe kana chimwe chazvo chinosarudzwa. Kubva pakuona kwekutenderera, kudzokorora kunowanzoenderana nekuguma, kubva pakuona kwe sonata allegro, 1st uye 2nd episodhi inoenderana nekuratidzwa, yechitatu ("scherzo" mukutenderera) inoenderana development. Liszt ane kushandiswa kwezvakagadzirwa zvakadaro. mafomu anowanzo kusanganiswa nekushandiswa kweiyo nheyo ye monothematism. Maitiro ese aya akabvumira vanyori kugadzira mimhanzi. mafomu anoenderana neakasarudzika maficha echirongwa uye panguva imwechete organic uye yakazara. Nekudaro, matsva ekugadzira mafomu haagone kutorwa seyemumhanzi wechirongwa chete.

Kune mimhanzi yepurogiramu. cit., umo sechirongwa chaisanganisira zvigadzirwa. kupenda, kuveza, kunyange zvivakwa. Idzi ndidzo, semuenzaniso, nhetembo dzaLiszt dzinonzi “The Battle of the Huns” dzakabva pafresco yaV. Kaulbach uye “From the Cradle to the Grave” zvichibva pakudhirowa kwakaitwa naM. Zichy, mutambo wake pachake “The Chapel of William Taurai”; "Betrothal" (kune mufananidzo waRaphael), "The Thinker" (yakavakirwa pamufananidzo waMichelangelo) kubva fp. kutenderera “Makore Ekudzungaira”, zvichingodaro. Zvisineyi, zvingangoitika zvechidzidzo, conceptual concretization yezvirevo izvi hazvina kukwana. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti mapendi nemifananidzo zvinopihwa zita rekuti concretizing, iro rinogona kutorwa serudzi rwechirongwa chavo. Nokudaro, mumhanzi mabasa akanyorwa pahwaro hwemabasa akasiyana-siyana anoratidza, unyanzvi, chaizvoizvo, hunobatanidza kwete chete mimhanzi nekupenda, mimhanzi nemifananidzo, asi mimhanzi, kupenda uye izwi, mimhanzi, chivezwa neshoko. Uye mabasa echirongwa mavari anoitwa naCh. arr. kwete dhizaini yakagadzirwa, zvirevo, asi chirongwa chekutaura. Izvi zvinotemerwa zvakanyanya nekusiyana kwemimhanzi seyenguva art-va uye pendi uye chivezwa seyakamira, "spatial" art. Kana iri mifananidzo yezvivakwa, ivo kazhinji havagone kudzika mimhanzi maererano nenyaya uye pfungwa; vanyori vemimhanzi. mabasa akabatana nezvivako zvekuvaka, sekutonga, haana kufemerwa kwete zvakanyanya ivo pachavo sezvakaitika kare, nezviitiko zvakaitika mavari kana pedyo navo, ngano dzakagadzirwa pamusoro pavo (mutambo "Vyshegrad" kubva kumutambo we symphonic we. B. Smetana "My Motherland", mutambo wepiyano wambotaurwa "The Chapel of William Tell" naLiszt, iyo munyori asina kungoerekana atanga ne epigraph "One for all, all for one").

Kuronga kwaive kukunda kukuru kwemamuses. mhosva. Akatungamira mukupfumiswa kwemhando yemifananidzo yechokwadi, inoratidzwa mumaseti. prod., kutsvaga kwemazwi matsva. zvinoreva, mafomu matsva, akabatsira mukupfumisa nekusiyanisa mafomu nemhando. Maonero omunyori kunziyo dzechinyakare kazhinji anosarudzwa nekubatana kwake nehupenyu, zvechizvino-zvino, uye kutarisa kumatambudziko emusoro; mune zvimwe zviitiko, iyo pachayo inobatsira kuwirirano yemunyori nechokwadi uye kunzwisisa kwayo kwakadzama. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzira P.m. yakaderera kune isiri-chirongwa mimhanzi. Purogiramu inoderedza maonero emimhanzi, inotsausa pfungwa kubva kune pfungwa huru inoratidzwa mairi. Maonero ezvirongwa zvekuronga zvinowanzobatanidzwa nemimhanzi. hunhu hwakanyanya kana kushoma. Nokudaro maitiro asina kujeka evanyori vakuru vakawanda kuhurongwa, izvo zvakavakwezva uye zvakavadzinga (mashoko aPI Tchaikovsky, G. Mahler, R. Strauss, nezvimwewo). P. m. haisi yechokwadi: mhando yepamusoro-soro yemimhanzi, kungofanana nemimhanzi isiri purogiramu isiri. Aya akaenzana, akaenzana zviri pamutemo marudzi. Musiyano uripo pakati pavo haudzivisi kubatana kwavo; ese ari maviri genera anobatanidzwawo newok. music. Saka, iyo opera uye oratorio ndiyo yakatangira purogiramu yesymphonism. Opera overture yaive prototype yechirongwa chesymphony. nhetembo; mune operatic art, kune zvakare zvinodikanwa zveleitmotivism uye monothematism, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muP.m. Zvakare, isina-programmed instr. mimhanzi inopesvedzerwa newok. mimhanzi uye P.m. Inowanikwa muP.m. itsva ichataura. mikana inova midziyo yemimhanzi isiri-chirongwa zvakare. Mafambiro akajairwa epoch anokanganisa kusimukira kwemimhanzi yechinyakare uye isiri-chirongwa mimhanzi.

Kubatana kwemimhanzi uye chirongwa muchirongwa Op. haisi mhedziso, isingagadziki. Zvinoitika kuti chirongwa hachina kuunzwa kumuteereri kana achiita op., iyo yakavhenekera. chigadzirwa, icho munyori wenziyo anoreva muteereri, anoshanduka kuva asina kujairika kwaari. Kunyanya kuumbwa kwechimiro chemunyori anosarudza kuisa pfungwa yake, kuderera kuduku kwekunzwisisa kuchakonzerwa ne "kuparadzaniswa" kwakadaro kwemimhanzi yebasa kubva purogiramu yayo. "Kuparadzana" kwakadaro kunogara kusingadiwi kana zvasvika pakuurayiwa kwemazuva ano. anoshanda. Nekudaro, zvinogona kuve zvechisikigo kana zvasvika pakuita kwekugadzira. nguva yapfuura, sezvo mazano epurogiramu anogona kurasikirwa nekukosha uye kukosha nekufamba kwenguva. Muzviitiko izvi, mumhanzi prod. kusvika pamwero mukuru kana mudiki kurasikirwa nemaitiro ekurongeka, shandura kuva asina kurongwa. Saka, mutsetse uri pakati peP.m. uye mimhanzi isiri yepurogiramu, kazhinji, yakajeka zvachose, munhoroondo. chikamu chine zvimiso.

AP м. yakagadziridzwa munhoroondo yese yaProf. ice isk-va. Yekutanga mishumo yakawanikwa nevaongorori nezve software muses. Kiss. zvinoreva 586 BC. - gore rino kumitambo yePythian muDelphi (Dr. Greece), muvhimi Sakao akaita mutambo waTimosthenes unoratidza hondo yeApollo neshato. Mazhinji mapurogiramu ekushanda akagadzirwa munguva dzinotevera. Pakati pawo pane clavier sonatas “Nhau dzeBhaibheri” nemunyori weLeipzig J. Kunau, harpsichord miniature naF. Couperin uye J. F. Rameau, clavier "Capriccio paKuenda kweHama Inodiwa" naI. C. Bach. Chirongwa chinoratidzwawo mumabasa eViennese classics. Pakati pemabasa avo: matatu epurogiramu symphonies naJ. Haydn, anofananidzira Dec. nguva dzezuva (No 6, “Morning”; No 7, “Noon”; No 8, “Evening”), his Farewell Symphony; "Pastoral Symphony" (No 6) naBeethoven, zvikamu zvese zvakapihwa zvinyorwa zvidiki zvechirongwa uye pachibodzwa pane chinyorwa chakakosha pakunzwisisa rudzi rwechirongwa chemunyori weOp. - "Kuratidza manzwiro akawanda kupfuura mufananidzo", mutambo wake "Hondo yeVittoria", pakutanga yaiitirwa mechanic. ice panharmonicon chiridzwa, asi chakabva chaitwa mu orc. editions, uye kunyanya kuhwina kwake kune ballet "The Creations of Prometheus", kune njodzi "Coriolanus" naCollin, kupfuudza "Leonora" Nha. 1-3, kupfuudza kune njodzi "Egmont" naGoethe. Yakanyorwa sesumo kumadhirama. kana mimhanzi-mutambo. kugadzirwa, nokukurumidza vakawana rusununguko. Gare gare chirongwa Op. aiwanzogadzirwawo sesumo ku K.-L. Tarisa. prod., kurasikirwa nekufamba kwenguva, zvisinei, ichapinda. basa. Kutumbuka kwechokwadi kwaP. m yakauya munguva yemimhanzi. kudanana. Kuenzaniswa nevamiriri veiyo classicist uye kunyangwe kuvhenekerwa aesthetics, vanodanana maartist vakanzwisisa izvo chaizvo zve decomp. kudai-mu. Vakaona kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo anoratidza hupenyu nenzira yake, achishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kune iyo chete uye kuratidza chinhu chimwe chete, chiitiko kubva kune rumwe rutivi runowanikwa kune iyo, iyo, naizvozvo, imwe neimwe yadzo ine zvishoma uye inopa mufananidzo usina kukwana. chokwadi. Izvi ndizvo zvakatungamira vanyori verudo kune iyo pfungwa yekubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi kuitira kuti iwedzere kuzara, kuratidzwa kwepasirese kwenyika. Mumhanzi. romantics vakazivisa sirogani yekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi kuburikidza nekubatana kwayo nenhetembo, iyo yakashandurirwa mune dzakawanda. ice prod. Chirongwa Op. kutora nzvimbo yakakosha mubasa raF. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (mumhanzi kubva kumimhanzi kuenda ku "A Midsummer Night's Dream" yaShakespeare, inodarika "Hebrides", kana "Bako reFingal", "Kunyarara kweGungwa uye Kushambira Kunofara", "Beautiful Melusina", "Ruy Blas", nezvimwewo), R. . Schumann (anoenda kuByron's Manfred, kusvika kumifananidzo kubva kuGoethe's Faust, pl. fp. mitambo uye kutenderera kwemitambo, nezvimwewo). Kunyanya kukosha ndeye P. m anotenga kubva kuG. Berlioz ("Fantastic Symphony", symphony "Harold muItaly", mutambo. symphony "Romeo naJuliet", "Funeral and Triumphal Symphony", overtures "Waverley", "Chakavanzika Vatongi", "King Lear", "Rob Roy", nezvimwewo) uye F. Liszt (symphony "Faust" uye symphony kune "Divine Comedy" naDante, 13 symphony. nhetembo, pl. fp. mitambo uye kutenderera kwemitambo). Zvadaro, mupiro wakakosha mukuvandudza kweP. m akauya B. Cream (sym. nhetembo "Richard III", "Camp Wallenstein", "Gakon Jarl", kutenderera "My Motherland" yenhetembo 6), A. Dvořák (sym. nhetembo "Waterman", "Golden Spinning Wheel", "Forest Dove", etc., overtures - Hussite, "Othello", nezvimwewo) uye R. Strauss (symp. nhetembo "Don Juan", "Rufu uye Kujekeswa", "Macbeth", "Til Ulenspiegel", "Saka Akataura Zarathustra", inoshamisa. misiyano padingindira re knightly "Don Quixote", "Home Symphony", nezvimwewo). Chirongwa Op. zvakare yakagadzirwa naK. Debussy (orc. nhanganyaya "Afternoon of a Faun", symphony. kutenderera "Nocturnes", "Gungwa", nezvimwewo), M. Reger (4 symphony nhetembo maererano naBöcklin), A. Onegger (symph. nhetembo "Rwiyo rweNigamon", symphony.

Programming yakawana budiriro yakapfuma muRussia. music. KuRussia nat. zvikoro zvemimhanzi zvinokwezva kune software yakarairwa aesthetic. mafungiro evamiririri vayo vanotungamirira, chido chavo chedemokrasi, kunzwisisika kwese kwemabasa avo, pamwe chete ne "chinangwa" chebasa ravo. Kubva muzvinyorwa, osn. pamadingindira enziyo uye, nekudaro, ine zvinhu zvekubatanidzwa kwemimhanzi nemashoko, sezvo muteereri, paanenge achizviona, anowirirana zvinyorwa zvetsamba nemimhanzi. nziyo ("Kamarinskaya" naGlinka), Russian. Nenguva isipi vaimbi vakabva vasvika pakuumba chaiko. Nhamba yepurogiramu yakanakisa op. akasika nhengo dze "Mighty Handful" - MA Balakirev (symphonic poem "Tamara"), MP Mussorgsky ("Mifananidzo paChiratidziro" chepiyano), NA Rimsky-Korsakov (symphonic pendi "Sadko", Symphony "Antar"). Nhamba huru yezvigadzirwa zvesoftware ndezvaPI Tchaikovsky (1st symphony "Winter Dreams", symphony "Manfred", fantasy overture "Romeo naJuliet", symphonic nhetembo "Francesca da Rimini", nezvimwewo). Vibrant software zvigadzirwa AK Glazunov (symphonic detembo "Stenka Razin"), AK Lyadov (symphonic pendi "Baba Yaga", "Magic Lake" uye "Kikimora"), Vas. S. Kalinnikov (symphonic pendi "Cedar and Palm Tree"), SV Rachmaninov (symphonic fantasy "Cliff", symphonic detembo "Isle of the Dead"), AN Scriabin (symphonic "Nhetembo yeEcstasy", "Nhetembo yeMoto" ( "Prometheus"), pl. fp. mitambo).

Kuronga kunomiririrwawo zvakanyanya mubasa rezizi. vanyori, kusanganisira. SS Prokofiev ("Scythian Suite" yeorchestra, symphonic sketch "Autumn", symphonic pendi "Dreams", piyano zvidimbu), N. Ya. Myaskovsky (nhetembo dzesymphonic "Kunyarara" uye "Alastor", symphonies No 10, 12, 16, nezvimwewo), DD Shostakovich (symphonies No 2, 3 ("May Day"), 11 ("1905"), 12 ("1917" ”), zvichingodaro). Chirongwa Op. inogadzirwawo nevamiririri vezvizvarwa zviduku zvezizi. vanyori.

Kuronga hunhu kwete hwehunyanzvi chete, asiwo hweNar. music claim. Pakati pemarudzi, miziyamu. tsika ku-rykh dzinosanganisira dzakagadziridzwa instr. kugadzira mhanzi, haina kubatanidzwa kwete chete nekuita uye kusiyanisa kwenziyo nziyo, asiwo nekugadzirwa kwezvakaimbwa zvakazvimirira zvenziyo art, b.ch. software. Saka, purogiramu op. kuita chikamu chakakosha cheKazakh. (Kui) uye Kirg. (kyu) instr. mitambo. Chimwe nechimwe chezvimedu izvi, chinoitwa nemunhu ari oga-instrumentalist (pakati peKazakhs - kurarama) pane imwe yebhangi. zviridzwa (dombra, kobyz kana sybyzga pakati peKazakhs, komuz, nezvimwewo pakati peKyrgyz), ine zita rechirongwa; pl. yemitambo iyi yave yechinyakare, senziyo dziri kupfuudzwa mumitauro yakasiyana. zvakasiyana kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa.

Mupiro unokosha pakuvharidzirwa kwechiitiko chepurogiramu chakaitwa nevanyori pachavo vakashanda munzvimbo ino - F. Liszt, G. Berlioz nevamwe. musicology haina kungofambira mberi mukunzwisisa chiitiko cheP.m., asi panzvimbo pacho yakabva pairi. Zvakakosha, semuenzaniso, kuti vanyori vezvinyorwa paP.m., vakaiswa munzvimbo huru yeWestern Europe. enisaikoropidhiya yemimhanzi uye inofanira kuenzanisa ruzivo rwekudzidza dambudziko, kupa tsananguro dzisina kujeka kune chiitiko chechirongwa (ona Grov's Dictionary yemimhanzi nevaimbi, v. 6, L.-NY, 1954; Riemann Musiklexikon, Sachteil, Mainz, 1967) , dzimwe nguva kunyange kuramba c.-l. tsananguro (Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik, Bd 10, Kassel ua, 1962).

MuRussia, kudzidza kwedambudziko rehurongwa kwakatanga munguva yebasa reRus. classical music zvikoro, vamiririri vakasiya zvirevo zvakakosha panyaya iyi. Kutarisa kune dambudziko rehurongwa hwakanyanya kusimbiswa muSov. nguva. Muma1950 pamapeji emagazini. "Mumhanzi weSoviet" uye gasi. "Soviet Art" yaive yakakosha. hurukuro pamusoro pemimhanzi. software. Iyi kurukurirano yakaratidzawo misiyano mukunzwisisa kwechiitiko chaP. ) uye kune vateereri, pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwe "kuziva" uye "kusaziva", pamusoro pekugadzirisa mumhanzi usiri wepurogiramu, nezvimwewo. Mhedzisiro yezvirevo izvi zvose zvinowira pasi pakuziva mukana weP. pasina chirongwa chakanamirwa kuOp. nomunyori pachake. Maonero akadaro anotungamira pakuzivikanwa kwechirongwa chine zviri mukati, kuziviswa kwemimhanzi yese sechirongwa, kururamisa "kufungidzira" zvirongwa zvisina kuziviswa, kureva kududzira kusinganzwisisike kwemafungiro emunyori, izvo vanyori pachavo vakagara zvakanyanya. kupikiswa. Mumakore 50-60. Mashoma mabasa akaonekwa akaita mupiro wakajeka mukuvandudza kwezvinetso zvekurongeka, kunyanya, kunzvimbo yekuganhurwa kwemhando dzemutauro wechirongwa. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa kwakabatana kwechiitiko chekugadzirisa zvirongwa hazvisati zvasimbiswa.

References: Tchaikovsky PI, Tsamba kuna HP von Meck dzaKukadzi 17 / Kurume 1, 1878 na Zvita 5/17, 1878, mubhuku: Tchaikovsky PI, Kunyorerana naNF von Meck, vol. 1, M.-L., 1934, zvakafanana, Poln. coll. soch., vol. VII, M., 1961 p. 124-128, 513-514; yake, O mumhanzi wepurogiramu, M.-L., 1952; Cui Ts. A., rudo rwechiRussia. Chinyorwa chekuvandudzwa kwayo, St. Petersburg, 1896, p. 5; Laroche, Chimwe chinhu pamusoro pemimhanzi yepurogiramu, The World of Art, 1900, vol. 3, p. 87-98; yake pachake, Sumo yeMushanduri yebhuku raHanslik “Pamusoro Pakanaka Mumhanzi”, Yakaunganidzwa. mimhanzi yakakosha zvinyorwa, vol. 1, M., 1913, p. 334-61; wake, Mumwe wevanopikisa Hanslick, ibid., p. 362-85; Stasov VV, Art muzana remakore rechi1901, mubhuku: 3th century, St. Petersburg, 1952, zvakafanana, mubhuku rake: Izbr. soch., vol. 1, M., 1917; Yastrebtsev VV, Ndangariro dzangu dzeNA Rimsky-Korsakov, vol. 1959, P., 95, L., 1951, p. 5; Shostakovich D., Pachirongwa chechokwadi uye chekufungidzira, "SM", 1953, No 1959; Bobrovsky VP, Sonata fomu mumutauro weRussia classical program, M., 7 (abstract of diss.); Sabinina M., Chii chinonzi mimhanzi yepurogiramu?, MF, 1962, No 1963; Aranovsky M., Chii chinonzi mimhanzi yepurogiramu?, M., 1968; Tyulin Yu. N., Nezvekurongeka mumabasa eChopin, L., 1963, M., 1965; Khokhlov Yu., Pamusoro pechirongwa chemimhanzi, M., 11; Auerbach L., Tichifunga nezvematambudziko ehurongwa, "SM", XNUMX, No XNUMX. Onawo lit. pasi pezvinyorwa Musical Aesthetics, Mimhanzi, Sound Painting, Monothematism, Symphonic Poem.

Yu. N. Khokhlov