Nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa dambudziko rekudzidzira kwepamusoro kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi: maonero emudzidzisi pachikoro chemimhanzi chevana

Russia inokwanisa kuchengetedza nzvimbo yayo inotungamira mumunda wekudzidzisa vaimbi. Pasinei nekumwe kurasikirwa kwatakatambura mumakore emhirizhonga ekupera kwemakumi maviri emakore ekupedzisira uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe, nharaunda yemimhanzi yepamusha, nemutengo wekuedza kukuru, yakakwanisa kudzivirira simba rine simba reRussia musical art yakaunganidzwa kwemazana emakore.

     Kuenzanisa hurongwa hwepamba hwemimhanzi, iyo ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, neruzivo rwenyika dzinotungamira dzepasi mundima iyi, munhu anogona, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaenzana, nekuchenjera kufanotaura kuti Russia ichachengeta nzvimbo yakanaka muzuva remimhanzi. mune ramangwana rinoonekwa. Nekudaro, hupenyu hunopa nyika yedu nematambudziko matsva akakomba. 

     Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzemumba nedzekunze mumunda wezvidzidzo zvetsika dzemimhanzi dziri kutoona kuwedzera kwakashata kwemamwe maitiro epasi rose pa "mhando" yemimhanzi munyika yedu, "mhando" yevanhu, uye mhando yedzidzo yemimhanzi. Boka rezvinhu zvisina kunaka rinosanganisira matambudziko ehupfumi hwepamba uye hukuru hwezvematongerwo enyika, kutarisana kuri kukura munyika, kuwedzera kuparadzaniswa kweRussia nedzimwe nyika, kudzikama kwehungwaru uye tsika kuchinjana nenyika dzinotungamira dzekuMadokero. Zvinetso zvitsva zvakawedzerwa kumatambudziko ekare mumunda wemimhanzi: matambudziko nekugadzira kuzviziva uye kushandiswa kwevaimbi nevadzidzisi vemimhanzi, kuwedzera kuneta kwevanhu, kusafarira, uye kurasikirwa kwechidimbu kwechido. Zvitsva (kwete nguva dzose zvisina kunaka, kazhinji zvakanaka chaizvo) maitiro akaonekwa mumafambiro evaimbi vadiki: yakagadziridzwa kukosha nhungamiro, kukura kwepragmatism, utilitarianism, rationalism, kuumbwa kwekuzvimiririra, kusingaenderane kufunga. Mudzidzisi achafanira kudzidza nzira yekukurudzira vechidiki kuti vadzidze, sezvo parizvino isingasviki 2%  примерно один из ста, примерно один из ста. В настоящее время этот показатель эффективности работы некоторыми оговорками можно считать приемлемым. Однако, в самом ближайшем будущем требования к результативности учебы могут кратно возрасти (об этом мы поговорим чуть ниже).

      Zvinhu zvitsva zvinoda mhinduro yakakwana kubva kuhurongwa hwedzidzo yemimhanzi, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva uye nzira dzekudzidzisa, kusanganisira kuchinjirwa kwemudzidzi wemazuva ano uye mudzidzisi wechidiki kune izvo zvechinyakare, zvakaedzwa nguva zvinodiwa, nekuda kwekuti tsika yemimhanzi yeRussia yasvika pakakwirira. . 

    Izvo zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti shanduko yemumba yedzidzo yemimhanzi, kusanganisira basa rekuvandudza hurongwa hwedzidzo yepamusoro yevadzidzisi vemimhanzi, haifanirwe kutariswa kwete chete uye kwete zvakanyanya pakugadzirisa matambudziko anhasi, asi nematambudziko mune ramangwana. Munhu angayeuka sei nzira yemudzidzisi wedu wemimhanzi AD Artobolevskaya kune dzidzo. Dzidziso yake "pedagogy yemigumisiro yenguva refu." Aiziva kutarisa mune ramangwana. Yakaumba kwete chete muimbi wemangwana, kwete chete hunhu hwake, asiwo nzanga.

     Zvakakodzera kuziva pano kuti hadzisi nyika dzese pasi rose dzinobatanidza masisitimu adzo edzidzo neshanduko dzenguva yemberi. Kunyanya kutariswa kunopihwa kufanofungidzira zviri kuitika mumunda wekuenzanisira vadzidzisi vemimhanzi "vatsva" muFinland, China, nedzimwe nyika. MuGermany, pfungwa yedzidzo ine ziso kune ramangwana inogadzirwa neFederal Institute of Vocational Education. Kana iri United States nenyika zhinji dzekuMadokero kweEurope, chikuru (kunyangwe chisiri icho chega) chiridzwa chinodzora hurongwa hwedzidzo munyika idzi musika, hurongwa hwehukama hwecapitalist. Uye pano zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti musika, kuve wakanyanya uye nekukurumidza detector yekuchinja,  haishande nguva dzose. Kazhinji inononoka uye "inorova miswe."

        Tichitarira kune ramangwana, tinotarisira mumwe muedzo mukuru. Munguva yepakati, mumakore 10-15, Russia ichatarisana nekuparara kwevanhu. Kupinda kuri kuita vechidiki munyaya dzezvehupfumi nemabhidhiyo kuchadzikira zvakanyanya. Maererano nefungidziro dzisina tariro, panosvika gore ra2030 nhamba yevakomana nevasikana vane makore 5-7 ichave yakaderera ne40% pane panguva ino, iyo isiriwo nguva yakanakisa. Vachatanga kusangana nedambudziko iri vachave vadzidzisi vezvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana. Mushure menguva pfupi yenguva, mafungu ehuwandu hwevanhu "kutadza" kuchasvika pamazinga epamusoro ehurongwa hwedzidzo. Kurasikirwa muhuwandu  Zvichienderana, chikoro chemumhanzi weRussia chinofanirwa kubhadhara kushomeka kwenhamba nekuwedzera kugona uye hunyanzvi hwemuimbi wega wega wechidiki uye mudzidzisi wake. Ndinoda kuratidza chivimbo chekuti kutevera tsika dzepamba dzedzidzo yedzidzo, kuigadzirisa kumatambudziko matsva, tichishandisa simba rakazara reRussia music cluster, tichakwanisa kuvandudza nekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekutsvaga nekuvandudza matarenda emimhanzi, kuvashandura. mumadhaimani. Uye basa guru pano rinofanira kuitwa nemudzidzisi mutsva, ane unyanzvi hwemimhanzi.

     Nzira yekupindura sei kune matambudziko aya? Nzira yekufambisa sei sisitimu yedzidzo yepamusoro yevadzidzisi vemimhanzi kugadzirisa zvazvino uye zveramangwana matambudziko?

     Sezviri pachena, mhinduro inofanirwa kutsvakwa kuburikidza neshanduko yekushanduka-shanduka, kuvandudza hurongwa hwekudzidziswa kwepamusoro, kusanganisira kufunga nezvemaitiro akanaka edzimwe nyika. Zvakakosha kubatanidza kuedza kwenyanzvi dzose, pasinei nemafungiro avo, pamusana pekufunga pamwe chete kwemaonero, pamitemo yemakwikwi anovaka. Nenzira, nyanzvi dzeChinese dzinotenda kuti "kudzikisa chinhambwe" pakati pevakakurumbira vesainzi uye kudzidzira vadzidzisi zvingabatsira kuwedzera kushanda kwekuvandudzwa kwedzidzo yemimhanzi muPRC. Nhaurirano yakadaro yaizobatsirawo mukuvandudza kweRussia mimhanzi art.

      Sarudzo dzinoitwa dzinofanira kubva pamisimboti yesainzi, zvishoma nezvishoma zvekuvandudza, uye kuyedzwa kwemaitiro akasiyana zvichienderana nekuyedza (pazvinogoneka). Iva neushingi mukushandisa dzimwe nzira uye modhi yekuronga iyo yepamusoro yekudzidzisa sisitimu. Uye, pakupedzisira, zvingave zvinobatsira kusununguka nzira dzekugadzirisa kubva muchikamu chezvematongerwo enyika, kutungamirirwa nekufunga nezvekuda uye kubatsira kwekugadzirisa.

     Paunenge uchigadzira nzira uye nzira yenguva yemberi yekudzidziswa kwepamusoro, zvakakosha kuti tirambe tichifunga kuti dzinenge nyika dzese dzepasi dzinokurudzira kukura kwehunyanzvi hwevadzidzisi vavo, asi nzira dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri dzinosiyana. Zvinoita sekuti hazvingave zvakapusa kudzidza ruzivo rwepamusoro rwekunze mune iyi nyaya. 

     Mhedzisiro yezviito zvekuvandudza zvinonyanya kuenderana nekumisikidzwa kwechinangwa chaiko. Chiyero chekubudirira uye kurongeka kweiyo pfungwa yekuenderera mberi dzidzo yevadzidzisi vemimhanzi kugona kwayo  kupa zvakakwana  yakarongeka mhinduro yeanotevera mabasa makuru. Ndichiri kuchengetedza tsika dzakasimbiswa dzedzidzo dzeRussia mimhanzi art, kuwana  kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwemudzidzisi, achiwedzera kugona kwake kugadzira. Tinofanira kubatsira mudzidzisi kukura uye kugona  ano  nzira dzekudzidzisa uye dzepfungwa dzekudzidzisa uye dzidzo yevaimbi vechidiki, vachifunga nezve NEW QUALITY OF YOUTH, uye pakupedzisira, funga nezvebasa ravo.  musika mutsva  chokwadi. Nyika ichine zvakawanda zvekuita kuwedzera mukurumbira webasa remudzidzisi wemimhanzi. Mudzidzisi anofanira kukwanisa kuumba zvakajeka zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa uye dzidzo, kuziva nzira yekuzvizadzisa, kukudziridza hunhu hunodiwa uye hwepfungwa: kuve nemoyo murefu, kushamwaridzana, kugona kutanga kuonana nevana "vatsva" nevakuru, uye zvakare kuve nemoyo murefu, kushamwaridzana. hunyanzvi hwekutarisira boka (timu), edza kuvandudza yako yekugadzira tsika thesaurus. 

     Mudzidzisi ane basa rekuvandudza kufarira kwakasimba mukuzvivandudza uye kugadzira hunyanzvi hwekutsvagisa ongororo. Empirics inofanira kutsigirwa netsvakiridzo yakakosha yesainzi. Tinoona kuti iri ibasa rakaoma zvikuru. Uye inofanira kugadziriswa uchishandisa nzira dzakasimba, kuedza kusakuvadza zvimwe zvikamu zvedzidzo. Ruzivo rwunogona kudiwa pano  China, uko kune vadzidzisi  mimhanzi, zviyero zvekuita basa rekutsvagisa kwesainzi zvakamiswa. Semuenzaniso, kukurudzira kutora chikamu kwevechidiki vesainzi veChinese (nevamwe vavanoshanda navo) mukuvandudza hurongwa hwedzidzo yenyika, hurumende yePRC pakutanga kwezana ramakore.   akatanga kushandisa “Plan for Incentivizing Distinguished Scientists.” Nekuda kweizvozvo, vangangoita mazana maviri masayendisiti madiki akabatanidzwa mukuitwa kweichi basa resainzi uye rinoshanda. Vese vaive mapurofesa.

      Vadzidzisi vemimhanzi kumayunivhesiti echidzidzo cheChinese munyika vanosungirwa kuunganidza zvekushandisa pakudzidzisa muhunyanzvi hwavo. MuPRC, basa resayenzi rinonyanya kushamisa mumakore achangopfuura rinosanganisira "Sumo kuMumhanzi Culture", "Musical Education", "Musical Creativity Uchishandisa Computer", "Musical Psychology", "Pedagogical Abilities and Skills" nevamwe vakawanda. Vadzidzisi vane mukana wekushambadza mabasa avo esainzi mumagazini "Chinese Music Education", "Musical Research", "Folk Music", uye mumiunganidzwa yezvikoro.

     Kuita mabasa akaiswa neBazi rezvetsika reRussian Federation uye Ministry of Education neScience yeRussian Federation,  kuitwa kweiyo pfungwa yedzidzo yeupenyu hwese kunoda kugadzirwa kwechikoro chakagadziridzwa   masisitimu ekudzidzira epamusoro, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano  kudzidzisa. Izvo zvichave zvakare zvakafanira kugadzirisa mamwe akakosha misimboti uye nzira dzekudzidzisa kuti utarise zvinhu zvitsva. Shanduko iyi inofanirwa kuve yakavakirwa paruzivo rwezvizhinji uye zvemimhanzi pedagogy, psychology, sociology, musicology, tsika zvidzidzo, sociology, nezvimwe.

     Parizvino, masisitimu eiyo system yekudzidziswa kwepamusoro kwevaimbi iri padanho rekuumbwa, kusimudzira, kukwenenzvera, uye nedanho retifiketi. Kuchinja kwehunhu kuri kuitika. Pane hurongwa hwekugadzwa kwechikamu che denationalization yehurongwa hwedzidzo uye panguva imwechete ichisimbisa emhando yepamusoro zvimiro zvekare zvekudzidzisa nekuvandudza vadzidzisi vemimhanzi. Zvichida imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu makuru ekubudirira kubudirira kweRussia post-higher music education ichava kuwana kuenzanisa kwakakwana pakati pezvikamu zvehurumende uye zvemusika muhutano hwakabatana hwekuvaka vashandi vatsva vekudzidzisa.  Panguva ino yekuvandudzwa, toni muchimiro chazvino chedzidzo yepamusoro inoiswa, sezvingatarisirwa, nemasangano ane ruzivo rwakakura mukudzidzisa vadzidzisi vemimhanzi uye kazhinji anoramba akazvipira kumhando dzechinyakare uye nzira dzekudzidzisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba yezvivakwa zvedzidzo itsva iri kukura, iyo kazhinji haisati yakwana zvakakwana maitiro eunyanzvi. Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kubatsira kuumbwa kwavo nekusimudzira, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chenzvimbo inokwikwidza muchikamu ichi chedzidzo. Kuratidzira  Munguva yekuchinja, kusununguka kwakadaro, uyezve mafungiro kune avo vasina kukwanisa kusvika kune yakakwirira yehutano, inofanira kuva yakaoma zvikuru. Zvakaitika zvinogona kushandiswa  China, uko mayunivhesiti anotariswa makore mana ega ega kuti atevedzere zviyero zvedzidzo. Kana sangano risingaiti zvinodiwa, rinopiwa  imwe nguva kubvisa zvikanganiso. Kana mushure mekuongorora kwechipiri migumisiro ikava yakaipa, saka yunivhesiti iyi inotarisana nezvirango zvakakomba nenzira yekuderedzwa kwemari, kurambidzwa kwenhamba yevadzidzi, uye kuderedzwa kwenhamba yezvirongwa zvedzidzo.

       Chiitiko chekunze mukushandisa musika uye nyika   regulators, kuwana chiyero chakakwana pakati pekushandiswa kwepakati pekutonga nzira uye yakavanzika chirongwa.  Zvichienderana nechiyero ichi, mapoka matatu enyika anogona kunyatsosiyaniswa. Kune wekutanga  isu tinogona kusanganisira nyika uko musika unoita basa rakakura muhurongwa hwedzidzo, uye basa revakuru vepakati sekondari. Iyi ndiyo USA, nyika zhinji dzeWestern Europe. Chikamu chenyika umo basa renyika rinotungamira, uye basa remusika nderepasi, rechipiri, rinogona, nekumwe kusarudzika, kusanganisira Japan, Singapore, nedzimwe nyika.  Mumiriri ane mukurumbira weboka rechitatu renyika, uko pakati nemusika zvinomiririrwa zvakaenzana, iPRC. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti rimwe nerimwe remapoka aya rine zvinhu zvinonakidza kuRussia.

     Kutaura nezve ruzivo rweUS mudzidzo yemimhanzi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti  Nyika yega yega (semhedzisiro yemubatanidzwa wenyika) inovandudza maitiro ayo emhando yepamusoro yekudzidzisa, nzira dzayo uye maturusi. Mune mamwe mazwi, muUSA hapana chimwechete chepasirese chinodiwa kana maitiro emhando yevadzidzisi vemimhanzi. IN  MuGermany, ihurumende dzemunharaunda, hurumende yedunhu, iyo inopa rubatsiro uye inodzora kuvandudzwa kwezvidzidzo. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muGermany hapana yunifomu (yese nyika) kosi.

      Yakadaro "musika" sisitimu yakanaka padanho rekutsvaga yemhando yepamusoro yedzidzo, uye yakakosha sechishandiso chekugadzirisa nguva dzose. Nekudaro, padanho rekuchengetedza rekushanda kwehurongwa, kusiyana kwakadaro dzimwe nguva hakuite basa rakanaka mukugadzira musika wemahara wevashandisi vemimhanzi. Chokwadi ndechekuti  Zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvedzidzo yemimhanzi mudunhu rega rega reAmerica dzimwe nguva zvinomanikidza mukwikwidzi wenzvimbo yakati kuti adzidziswe uye kupihwa chitupa mundima iyoyo.  nyika kwaanoronga kushandira. Saka anoedza  wedzera mikana yako yekubhadharwa. “Kwandakadzidza ndiko kwandakasvika zvakanaka. Uku kutsamira kwe "serfdom" kusvika pamwero wakati kunomisa kutama kwevashandi munyika. Ndichiri kurasikirwa muchikamu ichi, tsika yeAmerica yekuendesa masimba kwemasimba inogadzira nzira dzekubhadhara dzinonakidza dzinonakidza kuRussia. Izvi zvinosanganisira akasiyana siyana ehunyanzvi, kazhinji eruzhinji, masangano anotora mabasa evarongi, masosi eruzivo, nzvimbo dzekuongorora uye kunyange mamonitor emhando yedzidzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira "National Association for Music Education", "Music Teachers National Association",  "The Music Education Policy Roundtable",  "College Music Society", "Komisheni yeKupa Mudzidzisi Credentialing"   (California)  nevamwe. Semuenzaniso, rekupedzisira remasangano akanyorwa pamusoro, Commission on Teacher Credentialing, yakagadzira komisheni yevamiriri kubva kumakoreji, mayunivhesiti, masangano evashandi, matunhu nematunhu masangano. Donzvo rekomisheni nderekutarisa kusimukira kwechizvino-zvino mudzidzo yemimhanzi uye kugadzira mwero mitsva yekudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi muCalifornia.

      Boka remasangano anovimbisa erudzi urwu rinogona kusanganisira iro richangogadzirwa nekutora chikamu kweanozivikanwa mudzidzisi weRussia EA Yamburg, sangano reRussia "Teacher of the 21st Century", iro rinodaidzwa panguva ino yeshanduko yekuvandudza hurongwa hwedzidzo. kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa iyo yakashandiswa certification system.

     Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange muUnited States, iyo inosiyaniswa nepamusoro pechinyakare uye conservatism munyaya idzi, kwave kune tsika yekuti masangano emhando yakataurwa aende kunze kwemiganhu yenharaunda uye kuvhara nyika yose. Muna 2015 US Congress yakagamuchira chirongwa chenyika  "Mudzidzi Wese Anobudirira Mutemo", iyo yakatsiva yekare "Hapana Mwana Akasiiwa Kuseri Mutemo". Kunyangwe zvisiri zvekusungirwa zvachose kuti zvishandiswe neese maAmerican zvimiro zvedzidzo, zvakadaro zvakagadzirirwa kuve gwara kwavari. Chirongwa chitsva chakaomesa zvinodiwa nevadzidzisi, chichida kuti nyika yega yega igadzirise mipimo mitsva yevadzidzisi vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro (ona https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_education_in_the_United_States). Basa rakafanana reAmerican "soft" regulator  Chiziviso chakagamuchirwa muna 1999 pamusoro penzira huru dzekuvandudzwa kwedzidzo "Tanglewood II: Charting for the Ramangwana", yakagadzirirwa nguva yemakore makumi mana, inofanira kuita basa.  

     Kana tichiongorora ruzivo rwekuMadokero rwedzidzo yemimhanzi, tinofanira kuenderera mberi kubva pakuti mhedzisiro inobatika mundima yemimhanzi, kunyanya mundima yemitambo yemitambo, yakawanikwa muUSA neGreat Britain.

     Nehumwe mwero wekuchenjerera, tinogona kufunga kuti panguva ino yekuvandudza hurongwa hwepamba  dzidzo yemimhanzi iri pedyo nekubvumirana   смешанная модель управления системы повышения квалификации. Одним из главных ее принципов является равновесное сочетание рыночных и государственных инструментов управления. Возможно, как нас переходной к новой форме мобилизации интеллектуального потенциала за переходной к новой форме мобилизации интеллектуального потенциала за переходной переходной

     Sarudzo chaiyo yereshiyo yehurumende, masangano ehurumende uye akazvimirira ichasvika padanho rakati kuti kuvandudzwa kwedzidzo yemimhanzi kuchabudirira sei.  RF. Mukuwedzera, zvinodikanwa kuwana chiyero chakanyanya pakati petsika dzenyika dzemimhanzi dzidzo uye nheyo dze "Bolonization".

    Ngatienderere mberi nenhaurirano nezve nzira dzekuvandudza zvivakwa zvepamba nekuvandudza zvikwaniriso zvevadzidzisi vemimhanzi. Tichienda nenzira iyi, taizobatsirwa neruzivo rwechiFinnish (chinoonekwa sechimwe chepamusoro-soro pasi rose) mukuvandudza nekuita chirongwa chenguva refu chekusimudzira nyanzvi pahwaro hwemayunivhesiti, masangano, nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa, uye zvikoro. Zvinobatsira kujairana nezviitiko zveBritish Teacher Development Agency, iyo isingangorongedze chete kusimudzira kwehunyanzvi, asiwo mari yezvidzidzo. Kuita uku kungabatsira nyika yedu zvakanyanya. 

     Sezviri pachena, pfungwa yekugadzira matunhu (dunhu, dunhu, guta) mapoka edzidzo, kusanganisira ayo akagadzirwa pahwaro hwezvivakwa zvedzidzo zviripo, ari kuvimbisa. Imwe yeaya mapurojekiti ekufambisa inzvimbo yesainzi uye methodological yenharaunda yeMoscow "Pedagogical Academy of Postgraduate Education".

     Pane imwe mukana wekuvandudza vadzidzisi muzvikoro zvemimhanzi zvedzidzo padanho repuraimari, semuenzaniso, muzvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana. Zviripachena, pane zvakachengetwa pano mukushandisa tsika yekuraira, kugovana zviitiko, uye kuendesa ruzivo kubva kune vashandi vane ruzivo rwakanyanya kuenda kune vadiki nyanzvi. Panyaya iyi, nzira yeAmerica yebasa rakadaro, inonzi "Master-Teacher zvirongwa," inofadza. Chiitiko cheChirungu chinoda kuziva kana  Kwegore rekutanga, mudzidzisi wekutanga anoshanda semudzidzi ari pasi pekutariswa kwevarairidzi vane ruzivo. Tsika yekushanda nevadzidzisi vechidiki yatekeshera muSouth Korea  boka rose revashandi. Kuvandudzwa kwezvidzidzo zvevadzidzisi kunofambiswa nekukoka kwakasimba ku  Chikoro chemimhanzi chenyanzvi kuitisa makirasi akasimbiswa pasi pechirongwa chepamusoro chekudzidzisa (hurukuro, masemina ekutaura, mitambo yebhizinesi, nezvimwewo).  Rubatsiro mukuitisa makirasi akadaro, pamwe nekuita kwekushandisa ruzivo rwakawanikwa, runogona kuridzwa nemufambisi (Chirungu, facilitate - provide, facilitate) kubva pakati pevadzidzisi vepamusoro vechikoro kana nyanzvi yakakokwa.

     Zvekune dzimwe nyika (Chirungu, America) ruzivo mukugadzira interschool network ruzivo rwekuchinjana, kudzidziswa kwakabatana kwevashandi vekudzidzisa, uye kugadzirisa zvakajairwa dzidzo nemamwe matambudziko anofanirwa kutariswa. Semuenzaniso, muU.SA, masangano ezvikoro ari kugadzirwa, hunyanzvi hwayo, kunyanya, hunosanganisira kuronga makosi evadzidzisi vechikoro.

     Zvinoita sekuti munyika medu mune ramangwana kune sosi yeruzivo uye ruzivo sevadzidzisi vega. Nyika, inomiririrwa neBazi reDzidzo neSainzi yeRussian Federation, inogona kuumba (kusanganisira kuburikidza nekunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwevadzidzisi vepachivande) chikamu chevadzidzisi vemimhanzi vakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo, uye kugadzira zvigadziriso kumutemo wemitero. Izvi zvingabatsirawo kubva pakuona kwekugadzira mamiriro emakwikwi muhurongwa hwedzidzo.

     Не углубляясь в данной статье в вопросы, связанные с категорией частной преподавательской деятельности, важно подчеркнуть, что, что нные частными музыкальными учителями, составляют большую часть победителей  zvese-chiGerman  makwikwi "Youth Play Music" ("Jugend Musiziert"), ane nhoroondo yemakore makumi mashanu uye anoitwa.  iyo ine mvumo yeGerman Music Council "Deutscher Muzikrat". Kumiririrwa kwemakwikwi aya kunoratidzwawo nekuti vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri vaimbi vechidiki vanotora chikamu mairi. Maererano nesangano reGermany revashandi vevadzidzisi vakazvimiririra, nhamba yevadzidzisi vemimhanzi vakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo muGermany chete inodarika zviuru zvitanhatu zvevanhu.

      Kutaura chokwadi, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti chikamu ichi chevadzidzisi, semuenzaniso, kuGermany neUSA, vanowana paavhareji mari shoma kubva kumabasa avo kupfuura vadzidzisi venguva yakazara yemimhanzi.

      Zvinonakidzawo kujairana netsika yeAmerica yekushandisa vanonzi "kushanyira" vadzidzisi ("kushanyira vadzidzisi vemimhanzi"), vanozivikanwa zviri nani.  sei  "Vadzidzisi vanoyangarara" MuU.SA, vakatanga kudzidzisa vadzidzisi vemimhanzi nechinangwa chekuvandudza kunaka kwekudzidzisa zvimwe zvidzidzo zvedzidzo: masvomhu, sainzi, kunze kwenyika.  mitauro. Iri basa rinoitwa nesimba mu  John F. Kennedy Center yeChirongwa Chekuita pasi pechirongwa che "Changing Education Through the Art".

      Musoro wekugadzira sisitimu yevaridzi vepamusoro kudzidziswa makosi (uye kudzidziswa zvakazara) munyika yedu inofanirwa kutariswa. Dzinogona kunge dziri dzemhando mbiri. Chekutanga, aya ndiwo makosi epamusoro ekudzidziswa, mutungamiriri ari zita kana asina kurongeka mutungamiriri, anozivikanwa mumadenderedzwa ake seanonyatso kwanisa mudzidzisi-methodologist. Imwe mhando yemakosi akadaro inogona kuisa simbiso pane "nyeredzi" kuumbwa kwevadzidzisi, inoshanda zvese zviri zviviri zvachose uye mune ad hok modhi (yakamisikidzwa kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo).

     Pakupera kwekutariswa kwenyaya yehurongwa hwehurongwa hwekudzidziswa kwepamusoro, zvinodikanwa kutaura nezve kudikanwa kwekuenderera mberi nebasa rekugadzira regisheni yemasangano anosimbiswa ane mvumo yekuita postgraduate kudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi. Zvakakosha kuona kuti masangano ese nevadzidzisi vanoti vanopa mabasa emhando yepamusoro vachiedza kuverengerwa murejista. Nyaya iyi inogona kugadziriswa kana munhu wese anoda kuvandudza zvitupa akaziva kuti mabasa emasangano aya nevadzidzisi chete ndiwo achaverengwa panguva yekupihwa zvitupa. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita American Music Teachers Association, iyo inotora basa rekuvimbisa kupihwa kwemhando yepamusoro masevhisi edzidzo. Kusikwa kwesangano rakadaro muRussia, kuchipa basa rekutumira rekugovera vadzidzisi, kwaizobatsira kukwidziridza basa pakudzidziswa kwepamusoro. Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, izvi zvaizoita kuti munguva yemberi iite pfungwa yekuunza mune imwe neimwe nharaunda.  uye/kana chimiro chedzidzo chezuva rimwe chete  kudzidziswa kwepamusoro (somuenzaniso, kamwe chete pamwedzi).

        Zvinoita sekuti munyika yedu sosi yeruzivo sekuzvidzidzisa haisati yanyatsokosheswa uye iri kudiwa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuregeredza nzira iyi yebudiriro yehunyanzvi kunoderedza kurudziro yevadzidzisi yebasa rakazvimirira uye kunosunga danho ravo. Uye, zvakasiyana, kuburikidza nekuvandudza unyanzvi hwekuzvivandudza, mudzidzisi anodzidza kuzviongorora senyanzvi, kugadzirisa kukanganisa, uye kuronga basa rake pachake remangwana. MuUK, chirongwa chehurumende "New Educational Resource" chakagadzirirwa avo vari kuita zvekuzvidzidzisa.

     Zvinokurudzirwa kuti uwedzere kushingaira kushandisa danho rako pachako mukuziva pedagogical sainzi. Sezvaunoziva, Germany ine mukurumbira nedanho rayo repamusoro rekuzvimirira, rusununguko uye kuzvimiririra kwevadzidzi muchikoro chayo chedzidzo. Vane rusununguko rukuru mukusarudza maumbirwo,  nzira dzekudzidzisa uye purogiramu. Izvi zvinonyanya kunakidza kuona uchitarisana nekumashure  kuzvipira kwechiGerman kumisimboti ye ordnung. Dichotomy yakadaro imhaka yekuti, semaonero edu, kutenda mukubudirira kwekutora danho mune zvido zvekugadzirisa zvakanyanya nzira yedzidzo kune zvido zvemudzidzi.

    Kana uchivandudza hurongwa hweRussia hwekudzidzira kwepamusoro, nzvimbo yakakosha inopiwa mukuvandudza uye kushandiswa kweyunifomu yeunyanzvi zvinodiwa kune mudzidzisi wemimhanzi yemazuva ano, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ehutano hwekudzidziswa kwevashandi. Mhinduro yeiyi basa rakakosha inogadzira zvinodikanwa zvekugadzirisa, kuenzanisa uye kubatanidza zvese zvikamu zveiyo yepamusoro dzidziso system. Zvakakosha kusimbisa izvozvo  nzira yekugadzira yekushandiswa kweiyo "formalized" chimiro ichakubvumidza kuti udzivise yakawandisa kurongeka, stereotypes, ossification mukushanda nevashandi, uye kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwevatambi vemhando.

      Kana tichitaura nezvevadzidzisi vachipa kudzidziswa kwepamusoro kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi, zvakakosha kuti tisakanganwa kuti mudzidzisi wemudzidzisi, netsanangudzo, haagone kuve akakwaniriswa mundima yake yeruzivo kupfuura chidzidzo chemurairo.

     Zvingave zvinobatsira kupa mudzidzi (sezvinoitwa, semuenzaniso, muJapan) nemikana yakakura uye rusununguko mukuongorora kubatsira uye pakusarudza zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvinopihwa kwaari neimwe nzira (mukati meiyo chiyero chehunyanzvi) .

     Munyika yedu, chishandiso chakakosha chekuvandudza zvibodzwa zvevadzidzisi vemimhanzi ndiyo certification system. Ngatiyeukei kuti munyika zhinji dzekunze basa iri rinopihwa kuhurongwa hwemadhigirii edzidzo anopiwa vanhu vanenge vapedza zvirongwa zvedzidzo. Kusiyana nenyika zhinji dzekunze, certification seyero yekukodzera muRussia inosungirwa uye inoitwa makore mashanu ega ega. Kutaura chokwadi, tinoona kuti nguva nenguva yevadzidzisi vemimhanzi inoitwawo mune dzimwe nyika, semuenzaniso muJapan (mushure memakore maviri ekutanga, zvino mushure memakore matanhatu, 16 uye pakupedzisira mushure memakore makumi maviri nerimwe ekushanda). MuSingapore, certification inoitwa gore rega rega uye inokanganisa muhoro wemudzidzisi. 

     Munyika yedu  Periodic certification inogona kusiiwa kana, semuenzaniso, seimwe nzira, hurongwa hwakadzama hwekupa madhigirii edzidzo hwakaunzwa, iine nhamba huru yemadhigirii epakati kupfuura ikozvino. Pano tinofanira kungwarira kukopa kwemuchina kwemaitiro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, yemazuva ano yekuMadokero matatu-nhanho modhi yekupa chitupa chevashandi vesainzi  kwete chaizvo  inokodzera muhurongwa hwepamba hwekugara kwenguva refu kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, asi haina kupindirana nayo. 

      Ichiri kuramba yakazvipira kune certification system, Russia iri kuita basa rakawanda rakaoma kugadzira nekuvandudza maitiro ekuita zvitupa. Panguva imwecheteyo, isu tinofunga nezve chokwadi chekuti mimhanzi, senge art, yakaoma kuita, kuronga, uye zvakatonyanya kuongorora kunaka.

     Zvinoda kuziva kuti nyika yakadai yemusika seSouth Korea, nekutya kuderera kwemhando yechitupa, yakapa hutongi hwezvitupa kumasangano ehurumende.

      Ongororo yezvinodiwa zvinopihwa kumudzidzisi wemimhanzi panguva yekupihwa zvitupa zvinoratidza kuti dzakadhirowa nenzira ine hunyanzvi. Mamiriro acho akaoma zvikuru  nekubudirira kwemaitiro ekuongorora kwezvitupa. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine chinangwa, kuomesesa kwechiyero chehunyanzvi, kuenzanisa ruzivo rwakawanikwa, pamwe nekugona kuishandisa zvinobudirira, kwakaoma kwazvo mukuita. Pakuedza ruzivo rwakawanwa, zvinogoneka  kuziva chete vector, katsika pakukura kwehunyanzvi, asi kwete kunyora zvine hungwaru kusimba uku muzvibodzwa uye coefficients. Izvi zvinomutsa mamwe matambudziko mukuenzanisa mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kwezvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Matambudziko akafanana anowanikwa  uye vaunoshanda navo vokune dzimwe nyika. Nharaunda yenyanzvi munyika zhinji inoramba ichishanda mukuvandudza zvinodiwa zvevadzidzisi vemimhanzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, pfungwa huru ndeyekuti, kunyangwe kushomeka kwekutarisa maitiro ekuvandudza kwevadzidzisi, dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora dzepamusoro hadzisati dzawanikwa parizvino (ona, semuenzaniso, blog.twedt.com/archives/2714#Comments .”Masangano eVadzidzisi veMimhanzi:Matanho eKuratidza kana Zvipatara Zvekuporesa?”/).  Izvi hazvireve zvachose kuti kutonga pamusoro pemhando yechitupa kunogona kudzikiswa. Pane zvinopesana, zvinodikanwa kusimbaradza kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekuongorora mwero wekudzidziswa kweavo vari kupihwa zvitupa. Kubudirira kwechokwadi mukati  области контроля  kushanda kwekudzidza kunogona kuve kusikwa mune ramangwana reshanduro yemagetsi  kudzidziswa kwepamusoro kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi (zvichida zvisiri zvechinyakare, kure neUnified State Examination). Panyaya yekuti izvi zvinogoneka. Zviya,  atova mukati   MuEngland, China nedzimwe nyika, zvimwe zvezvirongwa zvedzidzo zvinopihwa kuburikidza neInternet, uye muPRC zvakare kuburikidza nesatellite terevhizheni neredhiyo. China yakagona kugadzira "telesatellite mimhanzi zvinyorwa." Kubatanidza aya mafomu matsva uye nzira dzekudzidza (Smart dzidzo), iyo "Chinese Internet Alliance yeMudzidzisi Dzidzo" yakagadzirwa.

     Iyo quota yeruzivo inodiwa kupasa certification yakatsanangurwa munyika yedu haina kukwana uye haina kunyatsoenderana. Saka, kuti uwane yekutanga uye yepamusoro-soro mapoka, huwandu hweruzivo rwehunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti upfuure chitupa hunotangwa muhuwandu.  Maawa 216 pamakore mashanu ega ega (zvakangofanana nekuyedza kuyera kugadzirwa kwemuimbi mumaskwe mita). Panguva imwe,  inofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mhando yekuzadza iyo quota yakakwira zvakanyanya zvekuti  kune imwe nhanho inobhadhara mari ye "quantitative" nzira yekuyera ruzivo rutsva rwakawanikwa.

    Kuenzanisa, muAustria maawa angangoita 15 anogoverwa gore negore kudzidziswa kwepamusoro,  muDenmark -30, Singapore - 100, muHolland maawa 166. MuUK, kuvandudzwa kwevadzidzisi (zvichienderana nechikamu chesangano redzidzo) inoshandiswa  pagore 18 mazuva ekushanda, Japan - mazuva makumi maviri munzvimbo dzekudzidzira uye huwandu hwakafanana muchikoro chako. MuDenmark, mudzidzisi anobhadhara kudzidziswa pachake (asi kamwe chete pamakore matatu anogona kutora chikamu muchirongwa chepamusoro chekudzidzira mahara), uye anoshandisa chikamu chezororo rake.

      Rumwe rubatsiro kuvadzidzisi mukukura kwavo kwehunyanzvi hunogona kupihwa nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvechitupa makomisheni kugadzira kurudziro kumubvunzo pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzebudiriro yehunyanzvi (dzidzo yekuvandudza).

      Basa guru mukukurudzira vadzidzisi vemimhanzi kuvandudza yavo  nyanzvi yehunyanzvi  inoita basa mukuita kubatanidza kukura kwehunyanzvi nekusimudzira, kuwedzera muhoro, uye nemukurumbira  basa romudzidzisi, mamwe marudzi ekurudziro. Munyika zhinji, dambudziko iri rinogadziriswa padanho rakakura uye mukati megadziriro yezvimiro zvedzidzo zvega.

      Semuenzaniso, muChina, padanho remutemo, zvakasarudzwa kuti "avhareji muhoro wevadzidzisi haufanirwe kunge wakaderera, asiwo kwete.  yakakwira kupfuura avhareji yemuhoro yevashandi vehurumende, uye inogara ichikura. " Uyezve,  kuti nyika yeChina ndiyo inonyanya kupa hurongwa hwedzidzo yenyika. Inobatanidzwawo mukuvandudza mararamiro evadzidzisi (mari yakananga mapurogiramu edzimba), pamwe chete nemararamiro avo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuyedza kuwedzeredza tsika yekuChina mari kune dzimwe nyika, enzanisa nechiitiko  dzimwe nyika, tinofanira kufungisisa chokwadi chokuti munyika dzakasiyana mari inoshandiswa padzidzo mubhajeti rehurumende haina kufanana. Uye ivo vanotsamira, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaenzana, kwete zvakanyanya pane zvinofarirwa nevakuru vepakati,  yakawanda sei kubva pakuzadza chikamu chemari yebhajeti. Kunze kwehurumende  mamwe masosi emari emari yemasangano emimhanzi muChina hwaro hwekubatsira, mari kubva kumaroja, mari yakachengetwa, mipiro, mubhadharo, nezvimwewo. Kana tichienzanisa, muUSA, 50% yebhajeti yemasangano aya inoumbwa nenyika inomiririrwa nenharaunda. zviremera, 40% - kubva kumasangano akazvimirira ega, 10% - kubva kwavari: mari kubva mukutengesa matikiti, kushambadzira, nezvimwe.

        Kukurudzira vadzidzisi kuti vavandudze zvidzidzo zvavo, Russia iri kutsvaga nzira yakakwana yekukura kwebasa. Nyaya iyi yakambobatwa pamusoro apa, kusanganisira paifungwa nezvehurongwa hwekunze hwekupa madhigirii edzidzo. Sezvo munyika yedu mamiriro ezvinhu asati anyatso kuibva kuti agadziriswe zvakakwana zvemuenzaniso wekuMadokero wemadhigirii edzidzo kuhurongwa hwedu hwazvino hwekudzidziswa kwepamusoro, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kupesvedzera zvinoramba zviri mudura revanomutsiridza mudzimba dzehurongwa hwedzidzo.

     Chekutanga, uku ndiko kusikwa (mukati mehurongwa hwazvino hwekupihwa zvitupa kwevashandi vesainzi) kwemaitiro ekuona budiriro dzinoshanda sehwaro hwakakwana hwekupihwa kwemadhigirii ehunyanzvi. Gadzira maitiro akakodzera ekuongorora mhedzisiro yesainzi uye/kana inoshanda yebudiriro dzakaitwa nevashandi vesainzi nevekudzidzisa.

     Chechipiri, iko kuunzwa kwemamwe madhigirii epakati ezvidzidzo muhurongwa hwepamba hwekupa zvitupa zvevashandi vesainzi. Wedzera yazvino-matanho maviri sisitimu yekusimbisa yevashandi vesainzi nesainzi-pedagogical, kusanganisira mairi analogue izere yedhigirii reBachelor (rakachengetedzwa zviri pamutemo), dhigirii redzidzo (kwete zita) remumwe purofesa, achichipa hunhu hutsva. sedhigirii repakati pezvidzidzo pakati pemukwikwidzi uye chiremba wesainzi, zvichingodaro. Zvingava Zvinokurudzirwa kuita kudzivirira kwepakati pezvidzidzo madhigirii maererano nechirongwa chakareruka. Zvichida basa guru mukuitwa kwechirongwa ichi nderekuona kubatanidzwa kwehurongwa hwemadhigirii ezvidzidzo neiyo cyclical process yekudzidziswa kwepamusoro: matanho matatu emakore mashanu. Chiitiko chePeople's Republic of China chinonakidza, kwavakaunza imwe dhigirii redzidzo "nyanzvi", yakatangira dhigirii reBachelor. Uye muGermany, kuwedzera kune avo vanowanzogamuchirwa, chiyero che "habilization" (German Habilitation) chakatangwa, icho chinotevera mushure medhigirii reChiremba wePhilosophy, pamusoro payo.

      Uye zvakare, zvinodikanwa kuyedza kuwedzera iyo yakachinjika nyanzvi yekutsanangurwa yemazita esainzi (bachelor yezvidzidzo zvetsika, bachelor yemimhanziology, bachelor yemimhanzi pedagogue, nezvimwewo)

      Chechitatu, kugadzira manera anoshanda anoenderana. Chiyedzo chinonakidza chakaitwa mune dzinoverengeka zvikoro zvesekondari zveRussia pasi peiyo EA Yamburg. Mudzidzisi anozivikanwa ari kuedza kururamisa kugona kwekukura kwe "horizontal" kwevadzidzisi, kusiyanisa kwevashandi vekudzidzisa zvichienderana nenzvimbo dze "mudzidzisi", "mudzidzisi mukuru", "mudzidzisi anotungamira", "mudzidzisi anokudzwa" uchichengeta zvechinyakare "yakatwasuka" basa kukura. Kuenzanisa, muzvikoro zvesekondari zveChinese, vadzidzisi vanogona kutora zvinzvimbo zvinotevera: mudzidzisi wechikamu chepamusoro, mudzidzisi wechikamu chekutanga, chechipiri nechitatu, uye mune dzimwe nguva - murairidzi-mudzidzisi wemakirasi anoshanda.

     Chiitiko chekusiyanisa mudzidzisi chinoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvikoro zveCalifornia chinogona kubatsira: Mubatsiri Wekudzidzisa, Mutevedzeri Wenguva Yakareba Mudzidzisi, Mudzidzisi Wenguva Yenguva yakazara), mudzidzisi wenguva yakazara uye mudzidzisi wenguva pfupi.  yezuva (ona CareersInMusic.com(Pride Multimedia,LLC) [US] https://www.careersin.com/music-teacher/. Vamwe vadzidzisi vemimhanzi vekuAmerica vanopinda mubasa rekutonga, semuenzaniso, semuongorori wedunhu, zvido zvekukura kwebasa Mumhanzi (District Supervisor of Music)  kana Mumhanzi Curriculum Nyanzvi.

     Kusiyanisa kwemaitiro edzidzo yevakapedza kudzidza kunoshanda sehwaro hwakanaka hwekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwezvinhu zvinokurudzira kudzidziswa kwepamusoro kubva kumari yakakodzera yesangano redzidzo yepuraimari.

     Mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seDenmark,  в  Bhajeti rechikoro rinopa mari yakanangwa yekuwedzera kudzidziswa muhuwandu hunosvika zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvehomwe yemuhoro.

       Munzvimbo dzakati kuti dzeUnited States, muitiro wokuwedzera muhoro womudzidzisi ane vadzidzi vanogarowana zvibodzwa zvepamusoro unoshandiswa dzimwe nguva. Pennsylvania yakatokurudzira kubatanidza bhajeti regore redzidzo yedunhu nekuita kwevadzidzisi zvichienderana nekuyedzwa kwevadzidzi. Mune mamwe masangano edzidzo muEngland  kugoverwazve kwemari mukufarira masangano anoshanda nemazvo kunoitwa zvakare.  

     MuSingapore, pakuwana mibairo yepamusoro zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yechitupa, mushandi anopihwa 10-30 muzana yekuwedzera muhoro. Vadzidzisi vechiJapan vanodzidzisa manheru kana kuburikidza nekunyorerana tsamba vanowana stipend inosvika gumi muzana yemuhoro wavo wepamwedzi. MuGermany, nyika zhinji dzinopa zororo rekufunda nemutemo (mazuva akati wandei akabhadharwa).

     Kuvandudza mhando yedzidzo, kusvika pamwero wakati, zvinoenderana nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekutsigirwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita kwedzidzo nevhidhiyo nemidziyo yekuteerera, nzvimbo dzemimhanzi, uye MIDI michina.

     Zvakawanda zvichiri kuda kuitwa kuti vanhu vafarire mimhanzi. Zvinofanira kufungidzirwa kuti hutano hwehutano hwevanhu huriwo hutano hwevana vanozozarura musuo wechikoro chemimhanzi uye kuva Mozarts naRubinsteins.

     Tichitaura nezve nzira dzakasiyana dzekuvandudza hurongwa hwepamba hwekudzidziswa kwepamusoro, ngatitaurei tariro yekuti, pakupedzisira, tichakwanisa kuchengetedza kuzvipira kwedu kumisimboti yekugona kudzidza, tsika dzechinyakare uye hunhu mukudzidziswa kwevaimbi. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera hungwaru hwekugadzira kugona kwenyika. Uye nechikonzero ichi isu tichaita kusvetukira mune ramangwana remimhanzi. Nenzira, nyanzvi dzeChinese dzinobvuma kuti kukanganisa kukuru kwehurongwa hwavo hwedzidzo ndeye yakaderera zvedzidzo uye kutonga kwe empirics, iyo, mukufunga kwavo, inodzikamisa ruzivo rwevadzidzisi.

       Mukupedzisa, ndinoda kutaura chivimbo chekuti kutarisisa kuri kuwedzera kune art uye kuedza kuri kuitwa muRussian Federation kugadzirisa dzidzo yemimhanzi uye kuvandudza hurongwa hwekudzidziswa kwepamusoro kuchabereka zvibereko. Izvi zvinotitendera kuti tigadzirire makadhi emazuva ano evadzidzisi vemimhanzi pachine nguva, uye tive vakashonga zvakakwana kuti vasangane nekudonha kwevanhu vari kuuya uye mamwe matambudziko ekunze uye emukati.

     Tinovimba kuti mamwe emazano ataurwa pamusoro achave ari kudiwa. Munyori haatauri kukwana uye kuoma kwechidzidzo. Kana paine munhu anofarira kutarisisa kwakadzama kwenyaya dzakasimudzwa, isu tinotsunga kutarisa kune yekuongorora chinyorwa "Matambudziko ekugadzirisa dzidzo yemimhanzi muRussia kuburikidza nemeso evana mudzidzisi wechikoro chemimhanzi" (https://music-education.ru /problemy-reformirovaniya-muzikalnogo -obrazovaniya-v-rossii/). Mafungiro akasiyana maererano nedzidzo yevane hunyanzvi hwemumhanzi wemangwana ari mune chinyorwa "Udiki uye pwere dzevaimbi vakuru: nzira yekubudirira" (http://music-education.ru/esse-detstvo-i-yunost-velikiх-muzykantov- put-k-uspexu/ .