Maria Izrailevna Grinberg |

Maria Grinberg

"Ndinoda mukusika kwake kujeka kwemufungo wake nguva dzose, nzwisiso chaiyo yezvinoreva mimhanzi, kuravira kusingakanganise ... uye kuwirirana kwemifananidzo yemimhanzi, kunzwa kwakanaka kwechimiro, ruzha runonakidza, ruzha kwete semagumo pacharwo. , asi senzira huru yekutaura, nzira yakakwana, zvisinei pasina mumvuri we "kunaka". Ini zvakare ndinocherekedza mumutambo wake kukomba, kudzikamisa pfungwa nemanzwiro ... "

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Vakawanda vanoda mimhanzi vanoziva unyanzvi hwaMaria Grinberg vachabvumirana nekuongorora uku kweGG Neuhaus. Mune izvi, mumwe angati, unhu hunobatanidza zvose, ndinoda kusimbisa shoko rokuti "kuwirirana". Zvechokwadi, mufananidzo weunyanzvi waMaria Grinberg wakakunda nekuvimbika kwayo uye panguva imwechete yakasiyana-siyana. Sevatsvagiri vebasa remupiyano, mamiriro ekupedzisira aya akanyanya kukonzerwa nepesvedzero yevadzidzisi avo Grinberg akadzidza navo kuMoscow Conservatory. Achisvika kubva kuOdessa (mudzidzisi wake kusvika 1925 aive DS Aizberg), akapinda mukirasi yeFM, Blumenfeld; gare gare, KN Igumnov akava mutungamiriri wayo, uyo kirasi Grinberg akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory muna 1933. Muna 1933-1935, akatora kosi yepashure neIgumnov (chikoro cheunyanzvi hwepamusoro, sezvachaidanwa panguva iyoyo). Uye kana kubva kuFM Blumenfeld muimbi wechidiki "akakwereta" zvakasiyana-siyana nenzira yakanakisisa yezwi, maitiro makuru ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekududzira, zvino kubva kuKN Igumnov, Grinberg akagara nhaka yekunzwa kwemaitiro, kugona kwezwi.

Danho rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemupiyano yaive Yechipiri All-Union Makwikwi eVaimbi Vanoimba (1935): Grinberg akahwina mubairo wechipiri. Makwikwi akaratidzira kutanga kwebasa rake guru rekonzati. Zvisinei, kukwira kwomuimbi ku“Olympus yemimhanzi” kwakanga kusiri nyore. Maererano nekutaura kwakanaka kwaJ. Milshtein, “kune vatambi vasingakurumidzi kuwana ongororo yakarurama uye inopedza simba ... Vanokura zvishoma nezvishoma, vachiona kwete chete mufaro wekukunda, asiwo kurwadza kwekukundwa. Asi kune rumwe rutivi, ivo vanokura organically, zvakatsiga uye vanosvika yakakwirira yepamusoro yehunyanzvi mumakore. Maria Grinberg ndewevatambi vakadaro.

Kufanana nemuimbi chero upi zvake mukuru, repertoire yake, yakapfumiswa gore negore, yakanga yakafara zvikuru, uye zvakaoma kutaura nenzira inodzivisa pamusoro pemaitiro emuimbi wepiyano. Pamatanho akasiyana ekukura kwehunyanzvi, akakwezvwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemimhanzi. Uye zvakadaro ... Kare pakati pemakore makumi matatu, A. Alschwang akasimbisa kuti yakanakira Grinberg yaive yemhando yepamusoro. Shamwari dzake dzenguva dzose ndiBach, Scarlatti, Mozart, Beethoven. Pasina chikonzero, mumwaka apo muimbi wepiyano wemakore makumi matanhatu akapembererwa, akabata kutenderera kwekonzati, iyo yaisanganisira ese piano sonatas yaBeethoven. Achidzokorora makonzati ekutanga edenderedzwa racho, K. Adzhemov akati: “Dudziro yaGrinberg iri kunze kwedzidzo. Kuita panguva ipi neipi kunoratidzirwa nekwakasiyana kwekutanga kweanoridza piyano, nepo mithunzi midiki yemimhanzi yaBeethoven inoratidzwa nenzira kwayo mukutapurirana. Chinyorwa chakajairwa chinowana hupenyu hutsva nesimba rekurudziro yemuimbi. Inokunda kufarira kugadzira mimhanzi, kutaura kwechokwadi, kwepachokwadi, kuda kusingachinji uye, zvinotokosha zvikuru, mifananidzo yakajeka.” Huchokwadi hwemazwi aya hunogona kuoneka kunyangwe iko zvino nekuteerera kurekodhwa kwese maBeethoven's sonatas, akaitwa neanoridza piyano kuma30s. Achiongorora iri basa rinoshamisa, N. Yudenich akanyora kuti: “Unyanzvi hwaGrinberg huzere nesimba resimba guru. Kupfurikidza nokukwezva mavara omudzimu akanakisisa omuteereri, kunonyandura mhinduro ine simba neinofadza. Kusadzivirirwa kwemaitiro emuimbi wepiyano kunotsanangurwa zvakanyanya nekunyengetedza kwenyika, "kusiyana" (kushandisa matauriro aGlinka), kujeka kwekutendeuka kwega kwega, ndima, dingindira, uye, pakupedzisira, chokwadi chinofadza chekutaura. Grinberg inosuma muteereri munyika yakanaka yeBeethoven's sonatas zviri nyore, pasina kukanganiswa, pasina pfungwa yedaro inoparadzanisa muimbi ane ruzivo kubva kumuteereri asina ruzivo. Kukurumidza, kutendeseka kunoratidzwa mune yepakutanga innation kutsva kwekuita.

Intonational freshness… Tsanangudzo chaiyoiyo inotsanangura chikonzero chekuramba kuchikanganisa vateereri vemutambo waMaria Grinberg. Akazviwana sei. Zvichida chakavanzika chikuru chiri mumutemo we "general" wekugadzira piyano, waakamboita seizvi: "Kana tichida kuramba tichirarama mune chero basa, tinofanira kuzviona sekunge rakanyorwa munguva yedu."

Zvechokwadi, pamusoro pemakore akawanda emakonti, Greenberg yakagara ichiridza mimhanzi yevanodanana - Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin nevamwe. Asi zvaive chaizvo pahwaro uhwu kuti, maererano nekutarisa kwakakodzera kwemumwe wevatsoropodzi, shanduko yemhando yakaitika mune yehunyanzvi maitiro emuimbi. Muongororo yakaitwa naD. Rabinovich (1961) tinoverenga kuti: “Nhasi haugoni kutaura kuti njere, inova pfuma yechigarire yetarenda raM. Grinberg, dzimwe nguva ichiri kutangira pane kukurumidza kwake kwechokwadi. Makore mashoma apfuura, kuita kwake kwainyanya kufadza pane kubatwa. Paiva ne "chill" mukuita kwaM. Grinberg, iyo yakazonyanya kuoneka apo pianist akatendeukira kuChopin, Brahms, Rachmaninoff. Iye zvino anozviratidza zvizere kwete chete mumhanzi wekirasi, izvo zvagara zvichimuunzira kukunda kunoshamisa kwekugadzira, asiwo mumhanzi werudo. "

Greenberg aiwanzobatanidza nziyo muzvirongwa zvake izvo zvaizivikanwa zvishoma kune vateereri vakawanda uye zvinenge zvisati zvambowanikwa pamapepa emakonti. Saka, mune imwe yemitambo yake yeMoscow, inoshanda naTelmann, Graun, Soler, Seixas nevamwe vanyori vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX vakanzwika. Tinogonawo kutumidza hafu-yakakanganwa mitambo naWiese, Lyadov naGlazunov, Tchaikovsky's Second Concerto, mumwe wevanoshingaira propaganda munguva yedu ave Maria Grinberg.

Mumhanzi weSoviet waivawo neshamwari yechokwadi mumunhu wake. Semumwe muenzaniso wekutarisisa kwake kukugadzira mimhanzi yemazuva ano, chirongwa chose che sonatas nevanyori veSoviet, chakagadzirirwa kusvitsa makore makumi matatu aGumiguru, chinogona kushanda: Chechipiri - naS. Prokofiev, Yechitatu - naD. Kabalevsky, Yechina - naV. Bely, Wechitatu – naM. Weinberg. Akaita nziyo dzakawanda naD. Shostakovich, B. Shekhter, A. Lokshin.

Mune ensembles, shamwari dzemuimbi wacho vaiva vocalists N. Dorliak, A. Dolivo, S. Yakovenko, mwanasikana wake, pianist N. Zabavnikova. Tinowedzera kune izvi kuti Greenberg akanyora gadziriro dzakawanda uye gadziriro dzepiyano mbiri. Muridzi wepiyano akatanga basa rake rekudzidzisa muna 1959 paGnessin Institute, uye muna 1970 akagamuchira zita remupurofesa.

Maria Grinberg akaita mupiro wakakosha mukuvandudza kweSoviet kuita hunyanzvi. Muchidimbu chipfupi cherufu chakasainwa naT. Khrennikov, G. Sviridov naS. Richter, mune zvakare mazwi anotevera: “Kukura kwetarenda rake kuri musimba guru resimba rakananga, rakasanganiswa nekudzika kunoshamisa kwekufunga, danho repamusoro. yehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwepiyano. Dudziro yake yega yega yechero chidimbu chaanoita, kugona kwake "kuverenga" pfungwa yemunyori nenzira itsva, yakavhura hutsva uye hutsva hwehunyanzvi horizons.

Lit.: Milshtein Ya. Maria Grinberg. – M., 1958; Rabinovich D. Mifananidzo yevanoridza piyano. -M., 1970.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.