Maracas: rondedzero yezvishandiso, kuumbwa, marudzi, nhoroondo, kushandiswa

Maracas ndeyeboka rezviridzwa zvinoridzwa, izvo zvinonzi idiophones, ndiko kuti, kuzviridza, zvisingade mamwe mamiriro ekuridza. Nekuda kwekureruka kwenzira yekugadzira ruzha, dzaive zviridzwa zvekutanga munhoroondo yevanhu.

Chii chinonzi maracas

Chiridzwa ichi chinogona kunzi chiridzwa chemumhanzi chakauya kwatiri kubva kuLatin America. Chinoita sechitoyi chevana chinoita ruzha rwekugwesha kana chichizunguzwa. Zita rayo rinonyanya kutaurwa se "maraca", asi shanduro isina kururama kubva pashoko rechiSpanishi rokuti "maracas" yakagadziriswa muchiRussia, inova iyo yezviridzwa muhuwandu.

Nyanzvi dzenziyo dzinowana kududzwa kwokurira kwakadaro mumanyoro ekare; mifananidzo yavo inogona kuonekwa, semuenzaniso, pane mosaic kubva kuItaly guta rePompeii. VaRoma vakadana zviridzwa zvakadaro kuti crotalons. Chinyorwa chine mavara kubva kuEncyclopedia, chakaburitswa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, chinoratidza maracas senhengo izere yemhuri yekutamba.

Device

Pakutanga, chiridzwa chacho chakagadzirwa kubva pamuchero wemuti weiguero. MaIndia ekuLatin America akazvitora sehwaro kwete chete yemimhanzi "rattles", asiwo yemidziyo yemumba, sendiro. Muchero wedenderedzwa wakanyatsozarurwa, pulp yakabviswa, matombo maduku kana mbeu yemiti yakadururirwa mukati, uye mubato wakabatanidzwa kune imwe mugumo, iyo yaigona kubatwa nayo. Kuwanda kwekuzadza mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana kwakasiyana kubva kune mumwe - izvi zvakabvumira maracas kunzwika zvakasiyana. Makwiriro einzwi aienderanawo nekukora kwemadziro emwana mucheche: kukura kwehukubvu, kudzikisa inzwi.

Modern percussion "rattles" inogadzirwa kunyanya kubva kune zvinhu zvakajairika: plastiki, plastiki, acrylic, etc. Zvose zvinhu zvakasikwa - peas, bhinzi, uye zvigadzirwa - pfuti, mabheji nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana zvinodururwa mukati. Mubato unobviswa; izvi zvinodiwa kuitira kuti muiti anogona kushandura huwandu uye kunaka kwemuzadziri panguva yekonzati kuti achinje ruzha. Pane midziyo yakagadzirwa nenzira yechinyakare.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Maracas "akaberekerwa" muAntilles, kwaigara vanhu veko - maIndia. Iye zvino nyika yeCuba iri munharaunda iyi. Munguva dzekare, zviridzwa zvekuvhundutsa-ruzha zvaiperekedza hupenyu hwemunhu kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pakufa: zvaibatsira mashaman kuita tsika, achiperekedza madhanzi akasiyana uye tsika.

Varanda vakaunzwa kuCuba vakakurumidza kudzidza kutamba maracas uye vakatanga kuishandisa munguva yavo pfupi yekuzorora. Zviridzwa izvi zvichiri kuwanda, kunyanya muAfrica neLatin America: zvinoshandiswa kuperekedza madhanzi akasiyana echivanhu.

kushandisa

Noise "rattles" inoshandiswa kunyanya mumakwikwi emimhanzi yeLatin America. Mapoka nemapoka anoita salsa, sambo, cha-cha-cha nemamwe madhanzi akafanana haangafungidziki pasina vanoridza ngoma vari kutamba maracas. Pasina kuwedzeredza, tinogona kutaura kuti chiridzwa ichi chikamu chakakosha chetsika dzese dzeLatin America.

Mabhendi eJazz anoishandisa kugadzira kunaka kwakakodzera, semuenzaniso, mumhando dzemimhanzi senge bossa nova. Kazhinji, ensembles anoshandisa peya yemaraca: imwe neimwe "rattle" inorongedzerwa nenzira yayo, iyo inobvumidza iwe kusiyanisa inzwi.

Izvi zviridzwa zvinoridzwa zvakapinda kunyange munziyo dzekirasi. Dzakatanga kushandiswa nemuvambi wemutambo mukuru weItaly, Gaspare Spontini, mubhuku rake rinonzi Fernand Cortes, kana kuti Kukunda kweMexico, rakanyorwa muna 1809. Muimbi wacho aifanira kupa chimiro chechimiro kumutambo weMexico. Atova muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, maracas akaunzwa muzvikamu nevanyori vakadai saSergei Prokofiev muballet Romeo naJuliet, Leonard Bernstein muTatu Symphony, Malcolm Arnold mudiki masutu eiyo symphony orchestra, Edgard Varèse mumutambo weIonization, umo. anoridza chikamu chikuru chezviridzwa zvepercussion.

Mazita ematunhu

Iye zvino kune marudzi akawanda emaracas: kubva kune mabhora makuru (tateguru wevhu raive hari yevhu yakashandiswa nevaAztec vekare) kusvika kune zviduku zviduku zvinoita sechitoyi chevana. Zviridzwa zvinoenderana munharaunda imwe neimwe zvinodaidzwa zvakasiyana:

• shanduro yeVenezuela inonzi dadoo;
• Mexican - sonjaha;
• Chilean – wada;
• Guatemalan - chinchin;
• Panamanian – Nasisi.

MuColombia, maracas ane matatu akasiyana emazita: alfandoke, karangano uye heraza, pachitsuwa cheHaiti - maviri: asson uye cha-cha, muBrazil vanonzi bapo kana karkasha.

Kurira kwe "rattles" kunosiyana zvichienderana nenharaunda. Somuenzaniso, muCuba, maracas anogadzirwa nesimbi (ikoko inonzi maruga), pamwe chete, ruzha ruchave ruchiwedzera uye rwakapinza. Zviridzwa izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa mumapop ensembles nemapoka anoshandira mumhanzi weLatin America.