Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

People's Artist yeUSSR (1972). Mhepo yemimhanzi yakakomberedza muimbi wenguva yemberi kubva paudiki. Vabereki vake vaiva vaimbi uye vairidza muzvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana. (Zvinoda kuziva kuti amai vaKondrashin, A. Tanina, akanga ari mukadzi wokutanga kukwikwidza muBolshoi Theatre Orchestra muna 1918.) Pakutanga airidza piyano (chikoro chemimhanzi, VV Stasov technical school), asi pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe. akasarudza kuva kondakita ndokupinda muMoscow Conservatory. Makore mashanu gare gare, akapedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory kosi mukirasi yaB. Khaikin. Kunyangwe kare, kukura kwehorizons yake yemimhanzi yakagadziriswa zvikuru nemakirasi mukuwirirana, polyphony uye kuongororwa kwemafomu naN. Zhilyaev.

Matanho ekutanga akazvimirira emutambi wechidiki akabatana neMusical Theatre yakanzi VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Pakutanga airidza zviridzwa muorchestra, uye muna 1934 akaita debut yake sekondakita - pasi pekutungamira kwake kwaive neoperetta "Corneville Bells" naPlunket, uye gare gare "Cio-Cio-san" naPuccini.

Nguva pfupi apedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory, Kondrashin akakokwa kuLeningrad Maly Opera Theatre (1937), iyo yakazotungamirirwa nemudzidzisi wake, B. Khaikin. Pano kuumbwa kwechifananidzo chekugadzira chemutungamiri chakaenderera mberi. Akabudirira kubata nemabasa akaoma kunzwisisa. Mushure mekuita basa rekutanga rakazvimirira muOpera yaA. Pashchenko "Pompadours", akapihwa mabasa mazhinji eiyo classical uye yemazuva ano repertoire: "Muchato weFigaro", "Boris Godunov", "The Bartered Mwenga", "Tosca", " Musikana anobva Kumadokero", "Chinyararire Don".

Muna 1938 Kondrashin akatora chikamu muFirst All-Union Conducting Competition. Akapiwa dhigirii rechipiri. Uku kwakave budiriro isina mubvunzo kumuimbi ane makore makumi maviri nemana okuberekwa, zvichitariswa kuti vakakunda mumakwikwi aya vaive vatove vaimbi vakaumbwa zvizere.

Muna 1943 Kondrashin akapinda Bolshoi Theater of USSR. Iyo theatre repertoire ye conductor iri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Kutanga pano ne "The Snow Maiden" naRimsky-Korsakov, anobva apfeka "The Bartered Bride" naSmetana, "Pebble" naMonyushko, "The Force of the Enemy" naSerov, "Bela" naAn. Alexandrova. Zvisinei, kare panguva iyoyo, Kondrashin akatanga kukwevera zvakanyanya kune symphonic conducting. Anotungamirira Moscow Youth Symphony Orchestra, iyo muna 1949 yakakunda Grand Prix paBudapest Festival.

Kubva 1956, Kondrashin akazvipira zvachose kuita konzati. Ipapo akanga asina kuimba yake yechigarire. Mukushanya kwegore negore kwenyika, anofanirwa kuita nemapoka akasiyana; nevamwe vaanoshanda navo nguva dzose. Nekuda kwebasa rake rakaoma, semuenzaniso, maokestra akadai saGorky, Novosibirsk, Voronezh akavandudza zvakanyanya nhanho yavo yehunyanzvi. Basa remwedzi nehafu reKondrashin nePyongyang Orchestra muDPRK rakaunzawo mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Nechekare panguva iyoyo, vakatanhamara veSoviet instrumentalists vakazvidira mumusangano naKondrashin semutyairi. Kunyanya, D. Oistrakh akamupa kutenderera "Development of the Violin Concerto", uye E. Gilels akaridza ese mashanu emakonsati aBeethoven. Kondrashin akaperekedzawo pamutambo wekupedzisira weFirst International Tchaikovsky Competition (1958). Nenguva isipi "duet" yake nemukundi wemakwikwi epiyano Van Cliburn akanzwika muU.SA neEngland. Saka Kondrashin akava mutungamiriri wekutanga weSoviet kuridza muUnited States. Kubva ipapo, aifanira kudzokorodza kuita pamakonti emakonti pasi rese.

Nhanho itsva uye inonyanya kukosha yeKondrashin's artic activity yakatanga muna 1960, paakatungamirira Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra. Munguva pfupi, akakwanisa kuunza timu iyi pamberi peiyo artic miganhu. Izvi zvinoshanda kune ese ari maviri ekuita hunhu uye repertoire renji. Kazhinji kutaura nemapurogiramu ekirasi, Kondrashin akaisa pfungwa dzake pamimhanzi yemazuva ano. "Akawana" D. Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony, yakanyorwa kumashure mumakore makumi matatu. Mushure maizvozvi, munyori akamupa mitambo yekutanga yeThirteenth Symphony uye Kuurayiwa kwaStepan Razin. Mumakore makumi matanhatu, Kondrashin akapa vateereri nemabasa aG. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky nevamwe vanyori veSoviet.

“Tinofanira kurumbidza ushingi hwaKondrashin netsungiriro, nheyo, unyanzvi hwokuridza nziyo uye kuravira,” anonyora kudaro mutsoropodzi M. Sokolsky. "Akaita semuongorori wepamberi, ane pfungwa dzakafara uye anonzwa zvakadzama Soviet, semupepeti ane shungu wehunyanzvi hweSoviet. Uye mukuedza kwake uku, kushinga kwehunyanzvi hwekuita, akagamuchira rutsigiro rweorchestra, iyo ine zita reMoscow Philharmonic… Pano, muPhilharmonic Orchestra, mumakore achangopfuura, tarenda guru raKondrashin rakanyanya kujeka uye rakaratidzwa zvakanyanya. Ndinoda kuti tarenda iri rinogumbura. Kukurumidza, kukurumidza manzwiro, kupindwa muropa nekuputika kunotyisa uye magumo, kutaura kwakasimba, uko kwaigara mudiki Kondrashin, zvakaramba zviri izvo zvinonyanya hunhu hweKondrashin art nhasi. Nhasi chete nguva yasvika yokuti akwire zvikuru, zvechokwadi.

References: R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. "SM", 1963, Nhamba 5. Razhnikov V., "K. Kondrashin inotaura nezvemimhanzi uye hupenyu", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969