Dumbyra: chiridzwa chimiro, nhoroondo, kuvaka, kushandiswa

Folklore inotora nzvimbo yakakosha muBashkir tsika tsika. Mamireniyumu akati wandei apfuura, vatori venhau veBashkir vakadzungaira nyika, vachitaura nezvenyika yavo yekuzvarwa, uye kumba - nezvekufamba kwavo, tsika dzevamwe vanhu. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vakazviperekedza vachibatsirwa nechiridzwa chine tambo chakabvutwa chinonzi dombyra.

mamiriro

Mienzaniso yekare zvikuru yaigadzirwa nemapuranga. Iyo teardrop-shaped soundboard ine buri resonator muchikamu chepamusoro inopera nemutsipa wakatetepa une 19 frets. Kureba yenyika yeBashkir chiridzwa ndeye 80 centimita.

Tambo nhatu dzakasungirirwa kumusoro, uye dzakagadziriswa nemabhatani pazasi pemuviri. Mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano, tambo dzakagadzirwa nesimbi kana nylon, mumazuva ekare dzakagadzirwa kubva kumabhiza.

Chimiro che dumbyry ndeye quinto-quart. Tambo yepasi inoburitsa ruzha rwebourdon, maviri epamusoro chete ndiwo ane melodic. Munguva yeKutamba, muimbi anogara kana kumira, akabata mutumbi zvakatsiga nemunwe kumusoro, uye panguva imwe chete inorova tambo dzese. Nzira yekutamba inoyeuchidza balalaika.

History

Dumbyra haikwanise kunzi mumiriri akasarudzika kana wepakutanga wemhuri yakadzurwa tambo. Vanhu vazhinji veTurkic vane mamwe akafanana, asi vane mazita akasiyana: maKazakh ane dombra, maKyrgyz ane komuz, maUzbeks akadana chiridzwa chavo "dutar". Pakati pavo, vanosiyana pakureba kwemutsipa uye nhamba yetambo.

Bashkir dumbyra yaivepo makore anenge 4000 apfuura. Akanga ari chiridzwa chevafambi, vanyori vengano, nziyo uye kubairs zvakaitwa pasi pezwi rake - nhetembo dzekudzokorora ngano. Sesen netsika akaimba mweya wenyika, rusununguko rwevanhu, uko mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX vakatambudzwa zvine simba nevakuru ve tsarist. Vatauri vengano vakanyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma, uye dumbyra ndokunyarara navo.

Icho chiridzwa chemahara-anoda sesens chakatsiviwa nemandolin. Chete pakupera kwezana remakore rapfuura yakatanga kuvakwa kwayo, iyo yakanga yakavakirwa pane zvakasara zvinotsanangurwa, zvipupuriro, mifananidzo. Muimbi uye ethnographer G. Kubagushev akakwanisa kwete chete kudzorera kugadzirwa kwe dombyra yenyika, asiwo kuuya neshanduro yake, yakafanana neKazakh domra-viola. Mabasa anopfuura 500 akanyorwa kwaari nemunyori weBashkir N. Tlendiev.

Parizvino, kufarira mu dumbyra kuri kuoneka zvakare. Vechidiki vanomufarira, saka zvinokwanisika kuti munguva pfupi iriyo yenyika icharira zvakare, ichiimba rusununguko rwevanhu vayo.