Christa Ludwig |

Christa Ludwig

Ludwig ndomumwe wevaimbi vanopenya uye vanonyanya kuita zvakasiyana vezana ramakore rapfuura. “Paunokurukura naKrista,” anonyora kudaro mumwe wevatsoropodzi vokune dzimwe nyika, “mukadzi uyu akapfava, akanaka, aigara akapfeka fashoni yazvino uno uye nokunaka kunoshamisa, uyo anobva angorasa tsitsi dzake nokudziya kwomwoyo, haugoni kunzwisisa kuti kupi, munzvimbo yaakavanda iyi dhirama yakavanzika yechiratidzo chenyika yakavanzwa mumoyo, ichimubvumira kunzwa kusuwa murunyararo Schubert barcarolle, kushandura iyo inoita seyakajeka elegiac Brahms rwiyo "Maziso Ako" kuita monologue inoshamisa mukati. kutaura kwaro, kana kuti kuratidza kupererwa nezano rose nekurwadziwa kwerwiyo rwaMahler “Upenyu Hwepanyika”.

Christa Ludwig akaberekerwa muBerlin munaKurume 16, 1928 mumhuri yehunyanzvi. Baba vake Anton vakaimba padzimba dzeOpera dzeZurich, Breslau uye Munich. Amai vaChrista, Eugenia Besalla-Ludwig, vakatanga basa ravo semezzo-soprano. Gare gare, akaita soprano inoshamisa pamatanho emitambo yakawanda yeEurope.

“… Amai vangu, Evgenia Bezalla, vaiimba Fidelio naElektra, uye ndichiri mwana ndaivayemura. Gare gare, ndakazviudza kuti: “Rimwe zuva ndaizoimba Fidelio ndokufa,” anoyeuka kudaro Ludwig. - Zvino zvaiita sezvisingadaviriki kwandiri, kubvira pakutanga kwebasa rangu ndakanga ndisina, zvinosuruvarisa, kwete soprano, asi mezzo-soprano uye pakanga pasina rejista yepamusoro zvachose. Zvakatora nguva refu ndisati ndashinga kuita mabasa anoshamisa esoprano. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1961-1962, mushure memakore 16-17 pachikuva ...

… Kubva pazera remakore mana kana mashanu, ndaingogara ndiripo pazvidzidzo zvose zvaipiwa naamai vangu. Neni, ini ndaiwanzopfuura nevadzidzi chero chikamu kana zvidimbu kubva kune akati wandei mabasa. Vadzidzi pavakapedza makirasi, ndakatanga kudzokorora - kuimba uye kutamba zvese zvandairangarira.

Ipapo ndakatanga kushanyira imba yemitambo, uko baba vangu vaiva nebhokisi ravo vamene, kuti ndione mitambo yandaida. Semusikana, ndaiziva zvikamu zvakawanda nemusoro uye kazhinji ndaiita se "mutsoropodzi weimba". Aigona, semuenzaniso, kuudza amai vake kuti muchiitiko chakadaro uye chakadaro akavhenganisa mazwi, uye baba vake kuti kwaya yaiimba zvisiri zvemutinhimira kana kuti mwenje hauna kukwana.

Mano emumhanzi emusikana akazviratidza kare: pazera remakore matanhatu atove akanyatsojekesa ndima dzakaoma, kazhinji akaimba duets naamai vake. Kwenguva yakareba, amai vake vakaramba vari mudzidzisi wezwi waChrista chete, uye haana kumbowana dzidzo yezvidzidzo. “Ndakanga ndisina banza rokufunda panzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka,” muimbi wacho anoyeuka kudaro. - Panguva iyo maartist mazhinji echizvarwa changu akadzidza mimhanzi mumakirasi, kuti ndiwane chekurarama nacho, ndakatanga kuita pazera re17, kutanga padanho rekonzati, uyezve mu opera - nerufaro, vakawana yakanaka kwazvo. inzwi mandiri , uye ndakaimba zvose zvakapiwa kwandiri - chero basa, kana riine kanenge kamwechete kana maviri mitsara.

Muchando cha1945/46 Christa akaita debut yake mumakonzati maduku muguta Giessen. Mushure mekubudirira kwake kwekutanga, anoenda kunoongororwa kuFrankfurt am Main Opera House. Muna September 1946, Ludwig akava soloist iyi yemitambo. Basa rake rekutanga raiva Orlovsky mu Johann Strauss 'operetta Die Fledermaus. Kwemakore matanhatu Krista akaimba muFrankfurt zvinenge zvikamu zvishoma chete. Chikonzero? Muimbi wechidiki aisakwanisa kutora manotsi epamusoro aine chivimbo chakakwana: “Inzwi rangu raikwira zvishoma nezvishoma - mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega ndaiwedzera hafu yetoni. Kana kunyange paVienna Opera pakutanga ndakanga ndisina zvinyorwa zvishoma murejista yepamusoro, saka iwe unogona kufungidzira kuti misoro yangu yaiva yei muFrankfurt!

Asi kushanda nesimba uye kutsungirira kwakaita basa ravo. Mudzimba dzeopera dzeDarmstadt (1952-1954) naHannover (1954-1955), mumwaka mitatu chete akaimba zvikamu zvepakati - Carmen, Eboli muDon Carlos, Amneris, Rosina, Cinderella, Dorabella muMozart "Ndiyo Nzira Yese." Vakadzi Vanodaro”. Akaita mabasa mashanu eWagnerian kamwechete - Ortrud, Waltraut, Frikk muValkyrie, Venus muTannhäuser uye Kundry muParsifal. Saka Ludwig nechivimbo akava mumwe wevaimbi vechidiki vane zvipo zvikuru zvechiitiko cheGermany opera.

Mumatsutso 1955, muimbi akaita debut yake pachikuva Vienna State Opera ari Cherubino ( "The Marriage of Figaro"). VV Timokhin anonyora kuti: “Mugore rimwe chetero, opera yakarekodhwa pamarekodhi pamwe chete nekutora chikamu kwaKrista Ludwig (yakaitwa naKarl Böhm), ​​uye kurekodha kwekutanga kwemuimbi wechidiki kunopa pfungwa yekunzwika kwezwi rake. panguva iyoyo. Ludwig-Cherubino chisikwa chinoshamisa mukukwezva kwayo, kungoerekana, imwe mhando yehudiki kufarira kwekunzwa. Inzwi remuimbi rakanaka kwazvo mutimbre, asi rinonzwika zvishoma "ritete", chero zvakadaro, risinganyanyi kupenya uye rakapfuma pane, semuenzaniso, mune zvakarekodha gare gare. Kune rumwe rutivi, anonyatsokodzera basa rejaya raMozart murudo uye rinonyatsobudisa kudedera kunobva pamwoyo nounyoro izvo mbiri mbiri dzakakurumbira dzeCherubino dzakazara. Kwemakore anoverengeka, mufananidzo weCherubino wakaitwa naLudwig wakashongedza Viennese Mozart Ensemble. Vabati vemuimbi uyu mukuita uku vaive Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Irmgard Seefried, Sena Yurinac, Erich Kunz. Kazhinji opera yaiitwa naHerbert Karajan, aiziva Krista zvakanaka kubva paudiki. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pane imwe nguva akanga ari mutungamiri mukuru weGuta Opera House muAachen uye mumitambo yakawanda - Fidelio, The Flying Dutchman - Ludwig akaimba pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake.

Kubudirira kukuru kwekutanga kwemuimbi mudzimba huru dzeEurope neAmerica opera dzakabatana nezvikamu zveCherubino, Dorabella uye Octavian. Anoita mabasa aya kuLa Scala (1960), Chicago Lyric Theatre (1959/60), uye Metropolitan Opera (1959).

VV Timokhin anoti: “Nzira yaKrista Ludwig kusvika pakakwirira paunyanzvi hwokudhirowa haina kuonekwa nokukwira nokudzika kwaisatarisirwa. Nebasa rimwe nerimwe idzva, dzimwe nguva zvisingaonekwe kune ruzhinji, muimbi akazvitorera miganho mitsva yehunyanzvi, akapfumisa palette yake yekugadzira. Nehumbowo hwese, vateereri veViennese, pamwe, vakaziva kuti rudzii rwemuimbi Ludwig akange akura, panguva yekonzati yeopera yaWagner "Rienzi" panguva yemutambo wemimhanzi wa1960. Iyi yekutanga Wagnerian opera haisati yaitwa chero kupi zvako mazuva ano, uye pakati pevatambi pakanga paine vaimbi vane mukurumbira Seth Swangholm naPaul Scheffler. Inotungamirirwa naJosef Kripe. Asi heroine manheru aiva Christa Ludwig, uyo akapiwa basa Adriano. Chinyorwa chakachengetedza kuita uku kunoshamisa. Moto wemukati wemuimbi, shungu uye simba rekufungidzira zvinonzwika mumutsara wega wega, uye izwi raLudwig pacharo rinokunda nehupfumi, kudziya uye kupfava kwenzwi. Pashure pemukurumbira waAdriano, horo yacho yakaita kuti muimbi wechidiki aite mabhanan'ana. Wakanga uri mufananidzo umo maratidziro ezvaakasika danho rekukura akafungidzira. Makore matatu gare gare, Ludwig akapiwa mubairo wepamusoro-soro muAustria - zita re "Kammersangerin".

Ludwig akawana mukurumbira wepasi rose semuimbi weWagnerian. Hazvigoneke kuti usatorwa moyo neVenus yake muTannhäuser. Iyo heroine yaKrista izere nehukadzi hwakapfava uye neruremekedzo rwiyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, Venus inoratidzirwa nesimba guru, simba uye chiremera.

Nenzira yakawanda, mumwe mufananidzo unodzokorora mufananidzo weVenus - Kundry muParsifal, kunyanya muchiitiko chekunyengedza kweParsifal muchiito chechipiri.

“Yakanga iri nguva apo Karajan akakamura marudzi ose ezvikamu muzvikamu, izvo zvaiitwa nevaimbi vakasiyana. Zvakanga zvakadaro, semuenzaniso, muRwiyo rwePasi. Uye zvakanga zvakafanana naKundry. Elizabeth Hengen aive Kundry ane utsinye uye Kundry muchiitiko chechitatu, uye ini ndaive "muyedzo" muchiito chechipiri. Pakanga pasina chakanaka pazviri, hongu. Ndakanga ndisingazive kuti Kundry akabva kupi uye kuti aive ani. Asi mushure mezvo, ndakatamba basa rose. Raivawo rimwe remabasa angu ekupedzisira - naJohn Vickers. Parsifal yake yaive imwe yeakasimba maonerwo muhupenyu hwangu hwenhanho.

Pakutanga, Vickers paakaonekwa pachikuva, akafananidza munhu asingafambi, uye paakatanga kuimba: "Amortas, die Wunde", ndakangochema, yaive yakasimba.

Kubva pakutanga kwe60s, muimbi akashandura nguva nenguva kuita basa raLeonora muBeethoven's Fidelio, iyo yakave chiitiko chekutanga chemuimbi mukuziva soprano repertoire. Vese vateereri nevatsoropodzi vakarohwa neruzha rwezwi rake murejista yepamusoro - muto, sonorous, yakajeka.

“Fidelio aiva ‘mwana anondiomera’,” anodaro Ludwig. - Ini ndinorangarira kuita uku muSalzburg, ndakanetseka ipapo zvekuti mutsoropodzi weViennese Franz Endler akanyora kuti: "Tinomushuvira isu tese manheru akanyarara." Ipapo ndakafunga kuti: “Ari kutaura chokwadi, handichafi ndakaimba izvi zvakare.” Rimwe zuva, makore matatu gare gare, pandakanga ndiri muNew York, Birgit Nilsson akatyoka ruoko uye akanga asisakwanisi kuimba Elektra. Uye sezvo yakanga isiri tsika panguva iyoyo kudzima mitambo, mutungamiriri Rudolf Bing aifanira kuuya nechimwe chinhu nekuchimbidza. Ndakafonerwa: "Haukwanise kuimba Fidelio mangwana?" Ndakanzwa kuti ndakanga ndiri muzwi rangu, uye ndakashinga - ndakanga ndisina zvachose nguva yekunetseka. Asi Bem ainetsekana zvakanyanyisa. Neraki, zvese zvakafamba zvakanaka, uye nehana yakachena "ndakapa" basa iri.

Zvaiita sekuti nzvimbo itsva yebasa reunyanzvi yakanga ichivhurwa pamberi pemuimbi. Zvisinei, pakanga pasina kupfuurira, sezvo Ludwig aitya kurasikirwa nounhu hwomuzvarirwo hwetimbre hwenzwi rake.

Mifananidzo yakagadzirwa naLudwig mumitambo yaRichard Strauss inozivikanwa zvikuru: Dyer mune ngano opera Mukadzi Asina Mvuri, Muimbi muAriadne auf Naxos, Marshall muThe Cavalier of the Roses. Mushure mokutamba basa iri muna 1968 muVienna, vezvenhau vakanyora kuti: “Ludwig the Marshall chizaruro chechokwadi chemutambo wacho. Akasika munhu anoshamisa, wechikadzi, azere nerunako, nyasha uye hunhu hunokudzwa. Marshall wake dzimwe nguva anokanganisa, dzimwe nguva anofunga uye anosuwa, asi hapana kwaanowira muimbi mumanzwiro. Hwaiva hupenyu pachahwo uye nhetembo, uye paakanga ari oga pachikuva, sepakupedzisira kwechiito chekutanga, ipapo pamwe chete naBernstein vakaita zvishamiso. Pamwe, munhoroondo yayo yese yakanakisa muVienna, mimhanzi iyi haina kumbobvira yaita seyakakwirira kudaro uye ine mweya. " Muimbi akaita Marshall nekubudirira kukuru kuMetropolitan Opera (1969), paSalzburg Festival (1969), kuSan Francisco Opera House (1971), kuChicago Lyric Theatre (1973), kuGrand Opera (1976 / 77).

Kazhinji, Ludwig airidza panhandare yeopera uye padanho rekonzati munyika dzakawanda dzepasi nemurume wake, Walter Berry. Ludwig akaroora Vienna Opera soloist muna 1957 uye vakagara vese kwemakore gumi nematatu. Asi mitambo yakabatana haina kuvaunza kugutsikana. Ludwig anoyeuka kuti: “… aitya, ndaitya, tainetsana zvikuru. Aiva nemarunda ane hutano, aigona kuimba nguva dzose, kuseka, kutaura uye kunwa manheru - uye haana kumborasikirwa nezwi rake. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvakakwana kuti nditendeutse mhino yangu kumusuwo pane imwe nzvimbo - uye ndakanga ndatove neshungu. Uye paakakunda nekunakidzwa kwake, akadzikama - ndakatonyanya kunetseka! Asi handicho chakaita kuti tiparadzane. Hatina kunyanya kukura pamwe chete sekuparadzana. "

Pakutanga kwebasa rake reunyanzvi, Ludwig haana kuimba mumakonzati. Gare gare, akazviita achizvidira zvikuru. Mubvunzurudzo mukutanga 70s, muimbi akati: "Ini ndinoedza kugovera nguva yangu pakati pe opera nhandare nehoro yekonzati zvakaenzana. Uyezve, mumakore achangopfuura ndakaridza opera zvishoma nezvishoma uye ndinopa makonzati akawanda. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti kuti ndiimbe Carmen kana Amneris kwezana ibasa risinganakidze pane kugadzirira chirongwa chitsva ndiri ndega kana kusangana nemurairidzi ane tarenda pachikuva chekonzati.

Ludwig akatonga pasi rose opera nhanho kusvika pakati pe-90s. Mumwe wevaimbi vekamuri vakatanhamara venguva yedu akaita nebudiriro huru muLondon, Paris, Milan, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Budapest, Lucerne, Athens, Stockholm, The Hague, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Cleveland, New Orleans. Akapa konzati yake yekupedzisira muna 1994.