Bruno Walter |

Bruno Walter

Basa raBruno Walter nderimwe remapeji akajeka kwazvo munhoroondo yekuimba kwemimhanzi. Kweanoda kusvika makore makumi manomwe, akamira panokwirirwa kondakita mudzimba huru dzeopera nehoro dzemakonzati munyika yose, uye mukurumbira wake hauna kupera kutozosvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake. Bruno Walter ndomumwe wevamiriri vakatanhamara veboka renyeredzi revaperekedzi veGerman avo vakauya pamberi pekutanga kwezana ramakore redu. Akazvarwa muBerlin, mumhuri yakareruka, uye airatidza hunyanzvi hwekutanga hwakamuita kuti aone muimbi wenguva yemberi maari. Paaidzidza paimba inochengeterwa zvinhu, panguva imwe chete akagona hunyanzvi huviri - pianistic uye kuumba. Zvisinei, sezvinowanzoitika, akasarudza nzira yechitatu somugumisiro, pakupedzisira ndokuva kondakita. Izvi zvakafambiswa nekuda kwake kwemakonzati esymphony, maakaitika akanzwa mitambo yaHans Bülow, mumwe wevatambi vakatanhamara nevaimbi vepiyano muzana ramakore rapfuura.

Walter paakanga aine makore gumi nemanomwe, akange atopedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory uye akatora chinzvimbo chake chekutanga semupiyano-muperekedzi kuCologne Opera House, uye gore rakatevera akaita dhipatimendi rake rekutanga pano. Nenguva isipi Walter akatamira kuHamburg, kwaakatanga kushanda achitungamirirwa naGustav Mahler, uyo aiva nesimba guru pamuimbi wechidiki. Muchidimbu, Mahler ndiye muumbi wechikoro chevadzidzisi, umo Walter ane kodzero yeimwe yenzvimbo dzokutanga. Makore maviri akapedza muHamburg, muimbi wechidiki akaziva zvakavanzika zvehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi; akawedzera repertoire yake uye zvishoma nezvishoma akazova munhu ane mukurumbira pane zvemimhanzi. Zvadaro kwemakore akati wandei akaita munhandare dzeBratislava, Riga, Berlin, Vienna (1901-1911). Pano nhamo yakamubata zvakare naMahleri.

Muna 1913-1922, Walter aiva "mukuru wemimhanzi" muMunich, akatungamirira Mozart naWagner mitambo, muna 1925 akatungamirira Berlin State Opera, uye makore mana gare gare, Leipzig Gewandhaus. Aya akanga ari makore ekubudirira kwebasa rekonzati yemuitisi, iyo yakakunda mukurumbira weEurope yose. Munguva iyoyo, akashanyirazve nyika yedu, uko rwendo rwake rwakaitwa nekubudirira nguva dzose. MuRussia, uyezve muSoviet Union, Walter aiva neshamwari dzakawanda pakati pevaimbi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti akanga ari mutambi wokutanga kunze kwenyika Dmitry Shostakovich First Symphony. Panguva imwecheteyo, muimbi anotora chikamu mumitambo yeSalzburg uye gore negore anoitisa kuCovent Garden.

Pakatanga makore makumi matatu, Bruno Walter akanga atova pamusoro pebasa rake. Asi nekuuya kweHitlerism, mutungamiri akakurumbira akamanikidzwa kutiza Germany, kutanga kuVienna (1936), uye kuFrance (1938) uye, pakupedzisira, kuU.SA. Apa aiitisa paMetropolitan Opera, yaiitwa neakanakisa enziyo. Mushure mehondo chete ndipo konzati nehoro dzemitambo dzeEurope dzakaona Walter zvakare. Unyanzvi hwake panguva ino hauna kurasikirwa nesimba rahwo. Semumakore ake ehudiki, aifadza vateereri nehupamhi hwepfungwa dzake, uye simba reushingi, uye shungu dzehunhu. Saka akaramba ari mundangariro dzavose vainzwa conductor.

Makonzati ekupedzisira aWalter akaitika muVienna, nguva pfupi asati afa muimbi. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake, Schubert's Unfinished Symphony uye Mahler's Fourth akaitwa.

Repertoire yaBruno Walter yakanga yakakura zvikuru. Nzvimbo yepakati mairi yakagarwa nemabasa eGerman neAustrian classical vanyori. Sezvineiwo, zvinogona kutaurwa nechikonzero chakanaka kuti zvirongwa zvaWalter zvakaratidza nhoroondo yese yesymphony yeGerman - kubva kuMozart naBeethoven kuenda kuBruckner naMahler. Uye pakanga pano, pamwe chete mumaopera, apo tarenda remuitisi rakazarurwa nesimba guru. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, mitambo midiki nemabasa nevanyori vemazuva ano zvaive pasi pake. Kubva chero mimhanzi chaiyo, aiziva kuveza moto wehupenyu uye runako rwechokwadi.

Chikamu chakakosha cheBruno Walter's repertoire chakachengetedzwa pamarekodhi. Zvizhinji zvacho hazvingotauri kwatiri simba risingaperi reunyanzvi hwake, asiwo kubvumira muteereri kuti apinde murabhoritari yake yekusika. Iyo yekupedzisira inoreva kurekodhwa kweBruno Walter kudzidzira, uchiteerera kwaunodzokorora usingadi mupfungwa dzako kutaridzika kwakanaka uye kwakanaka kweiyi tenzi anoshamisa.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969