Bell: chiridzwa kuumbwa, nhoroondo, kushandiswa, marudzi

Mumiriri wekare wemhuri yekurira anotakura chirevo chinoera mukurira kwayo. Muguta riri rose reRussia, mabhero echechi anonzwika achizivisa kutanga kweminamato youmwari. Uye mupfungwa yezvidzidzo, ichi chiridzwa chemimhanzi che orchestra, nhoroondo yacho inodzokera kumashure enguva.

Bell mudziyo

Inosanganisira dome isina chinhu umo inzwi rinoumbwa, uye rurimi rwuri mukati pamwe chete neaxis. Chikamu chezasi chinowedzerwa, chepamusoro chakamanikana, chine korona ne "musoro" uye "korona". Chimiro chinokandwa kubva kune simbi dzakasiyana, kazhinji ibhero rebhuronzi, isingawanzo simbi yakakandwa, simbi, kunyange girazi rinoshandiswa.

Chishandiso chinomiswa parutsigiro kana kugadzikwa pachigadziko chinozunguza. Inzwi rinofadza nekudzungaira rurimi nekurirovera kumadziro, kana nekupuruzira dome pacharo.

MuEurope, mabhero asina rurimi anonyanya kuwanda. Kuti vabudise ruzha, vanoda kurohwa nemhango padhome. VeEurope vari kuzunungusa muviri pachawo, uye mumutauro weRussia mimhanzi mutauro unotangwa.

History

Zvingangodaro mabhero ekutanga anogona kuoneka muChina. Zvakawanikwa kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC zvinopupurira izvi. Chiridzwa chekutanga chemumhanzi wemakopi gumi nemaviri chakagadzirwawo nemaChinese. MuEurope, zvimiro zvakadaro zvakaonekwa mazana maviri emakore gare gare.

MuRussia, nhoroondo yebhero yakatanga nekuuya kwechiKristu. Kubva panguva yekare, vanhu vaitenda kuti kurira, ruzha, kurira kunodzinga mweya yakaipa, mabhero ave hunhu hweva shaman kwemazana emakore.

Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mabhero echiratidzo akaonekwa muNovgorod, Vladimir, Rostov, Moscow, uye Tver. Dzakatengwa kunze kwenyika. Kwakabva zita rinobva kune rekare reRussia izwi rekuti "kol", iro raireva "denderedzwa" kana "vhiri".

Uye muna 1579 imwe nheyo yakaonekwa muNovgorod, umo mabhero akakandwa. Vatenzi vakakwanisa kuwana fomu yakakodzera yealloy, yaifanira kunge iri 80 muzana yemhangura uye 20 muzana yerata.

MuRussia muzana remakore rechi18, zviridzwa izvi zvaiva nezviyereso zvakasiyana uye zviyero. Humwe hukuru hwaive hunoshamisa zvekuti vakapa mudziyo uyu zita. Mazita akadai emabhero se "Tsar Bell", "Annunciation", "Godunovsky" anozivikanwa.

Kune akasiyana mafaera anonakidza nezve mabhero:

• Pakuvamba kwechiKristu, vaionekwa seunhu hwechihedheni.
• Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, chiridzwa chacho chaigona kushanda zvinangwa kure nekutenda kweOrthodox: muItaly yakadana kana yava nguva yekuisa mukanyiwa wechingwa, muGermany inzwi racho rinogona kureva kutanga kwekuchenesa mumigwagwa, uye muPoland yakazivisa vagari vemo. kuti zvitoro zvedoro zvakanga zvavhurwa.
• Kana uchichinja makaputeni paInternational Space Station, bhero rinogara richirira.

Kushandiswa kwechiridzwa chemimhanzi kwakaguma nekuuya kwekutonga kwevaBolshevik. Muna 1917, machechi akaparadzwa, mabhero akaendeswa kune simbi isina-ferrous kuti igadziriswe. Kumaraibhurari. Lenin muMoscow, unogona kuona kureliefs yakakwirira nemifananidzo masayendisiti uye vanyori. Kuzvigadzira, maturusi akatorwa mumabelfries emakereke masere emudhorobha akanyungudutswa.

Kushandisa mabhero

Mumimhanzi yeRussia, kushandiswa kwebhero rekirasi kunobva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaumbirwo uye hukuru. Iyo yakakura kuumbwa, kuderera kwayo inzwi. Icho chiridzwa chinonzi monophonic, ndiko kuti, chinokwanisa kugadzira ruzha rumwe chete. Iyo yepakati yakanyorwa muchiratidzo mubass clef octave yakaderera pane ruzha, iyo diki - mubhaibheri clef. Huremu hwakawandisa hwebhero rine ruzha rwakatodzika zvinodzivirira kushandiswa kwayo mumimhanzi nekuda kwekusakwanisa kuriisa pachikuva.

Vanyori vakashandisa mabhero akasiyana siyana kuti vasimbise zvakakosha zvine chekuita nechirongwa. Classical dhizaini yakashandiswa mumitambo yemitambo kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Vakatsiviwa neve orchestral, iyo yakatanga kutaridzika zvakasiyana - iyi ndiyo seti yemachubhu akaiswa pachigadziko.

Mumhanzi weRussia, chiridzwa ichi chekurova chakashandiswa mumabasa avo naGlinka, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov. Tsika iyi yakaenderera mberi nevanyori vane mukurumbira vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX: Shchedrin, Petrov, Sviridov.

Mhando dzemabhero

Ruzivo rweruzha uye chimiro chezviridzwa zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuzvipatsanura mumarudzi akati wandei:

• kurira - panogona kuva nenhamba yakasiyana-siyana yavo, ndimi dzakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe netambo yakasungirirwa kumutsara wekurira;
• percussion - huya muchimiro chekubatanidza 2,3 4 makopi;
• pakati - marudzi emabhero anoshumira kushongedza kurira kukuru;
• vatumwa mudziyo wekusaina uyo unoshanda kuunganidza vanhu kune akasiyana masevhisi (mazororo, pakati pevhiki, Svondo).

Mumazuva ekare, mazita akakodzera emabhero akaonekwa: "Perespor", "Falcon", "George", "Gospodar", "Bear".

Chimes - imwe, yakaparadzana mhando inoshandiswa mumaberufu ane wachi. Iri seti yemabhero ehukuru hwakasiyana ane chimiro chakasiyana, chakarongedzwa zvinoenderana nechromatic kana diatonic scale.