Bass gitare: chii, kuti inonzwika sei, nhoroondo, marudzi, maitiro ekusarudza

Gitare remagetsi rakapa mupiro mukuru mukusimudzirwa kwemimhanzi yakakurumbira yemazuva ano. Iyo bass gitare, iyo yakaonekwa panenge panguva imwe chete, yakasiya kwete kure nayo.

Chii chinonzi bass gitare

Bass gitare chiridzwa chine tambo chakabvutwa. Chinangwa ndechekuridza mubass range. Kazhinji chiridzwa chinoshandiswa sechikamu che rhythm. Vamwe vatambi vanoshandisa bass sechiridzwa chinotungamira, senge bhendi Primus.

Bass gitare mudziyo

Chimiro chebass gitare chinonyanya kudzokorora gitare remagetsi. Chiridzwa chacho chine dhizaini nemutsipa. Pamuviri pane zambuko, chigaro, regulators uye pickup. Mutsipa une manyawi. Tambo dzakasungirirwa pamapegi pamusoro, dziri pamagumo emutsipa.

Pane nzira nhatu dzekubatanidza mutsipa kune deck:

• bolted;
• pasted;
• kuburikidza.

Nekusunga, bhodhi rekurira uye mutsipa zvinotemwa kubva pamuti mumwe chete. Bolt-on mhando dziri nyore kumisikidza.

Misiyano mikuru yekugadzira kubva kugitare yemagetsi ndiyo yakawedzera kukura kwemuviri uye hupamhi hwemutsipa. Tambo dzakakora dzinoshandiswa. Nhamba yetambo mumhando dzakawanda ndeye 4. Kureba kwechiyero kunenge 2,5 cm kureba. Nhamba yakajairwa yefrets ndeye 19-24.

Sound range

Iyo bass gitare ine ruzha rwakasiyana-siyana. Asi nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwetambo, hazvibviri kuwana iyo yese mutsara webass gitare, saka chiridzwa chinoteedzerwa kune yaunoda mimhanzi genre.

Iyo yakajairika tuning ndeye EADG. Inoshandiswa mumhando dzakawanda, kubva ku jazz kusvika pop uye hard rock.

Zvivakwa zvakadonha zvakakurumbira. Chimiro chechimiro cheDropped ndechekuti ruzha rweimwe yetambo rwakasiyana zvakanyanya nenzwi kubva kune mamwe. Muenzaniso: DADG. Tambo yekupedzisira inotungidzirwa toni yakaderera muG, toni yevamwe haichinji. Mu C#-G#-C#-F# tuning, tambo yechina inodzikiswa ne1,5 toni, ichisara ne0,5.

Iyo ADGCF's 5-tambo tuning inoshandisa groove uye nu simbi mabhendi. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa tuning, ruzha runodonhedza toni pasi.

Punk rock inoratidzirwa nekushandiswa kwepamusoro tunings. Muenzaniso: FA#-D#-G# - tambo dzese dzakasimudza hafu yetoni.

Nhoroondo yebass gitare

Kwakabva bass gitare ndeye kaviri bass. Iyo kaviri bass chiridzwa chikuru chemumhanzi chine zvimiro zveviolin, viol uye cello. Ruzha rwechiridzwa chacho rwakanga rwakaderera zvikuru uye rwakapfuma, asi ukuru hwakakura hwaiva husina kunaka. Zvinetso nekufambisa, kuchengetedza, uye kushandiswa kwakamira kwakagadzira kudiwa kwechiridzwa chidiki uye chakareruka bass.

Muna 1912, Gibson Company yakaburitsa bass mandolin. Pasinei nokuti zviyero zvakaderedzwa zvakatanga kurema zvishoma zvichienzaniswa nekaviri bass, iyo yakagadzirwa haina kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Pakazosvika ma1930, kugadzirwa kwemabass mandolins kwakange kwamira.

Yekutanga bass gitare muchimiro chayo chemazuva ano yakaonekwa mu30s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Munyori wezvakagadzirwa uyu aive nyanzvi yemhizha Paul Tutmar wekuUSA. Iyo bass gitare inogadzirwa mune yakafanana fomu kune yemagetsi gitare. Mutsipa waive wakasiyaniswa nekuvapo kwemafrets. Yaifanira kubata chiridzwa chacho segitare renguva dzose.

Mumakore ekuma1950, Fender naFullerton vakatanga kugadzira gitare remagetsi bass. Fender Electronics inoburitsa iyo Precision Bass, yakambonzi P-Bass. Iyo dhizaini yakasiyaniswa nekuvapo kwekamwe-coil pickup. Chitarisiko chacho chaive chiyeuchidzo chegitare remagetsi reFender Stratocaster.

Muna 1953, Monk Montgomery webhendi raLionel Hampton akave wekutanga bass mutambi kushanya neFender's bass. Montgomery inotendwa zvakare kuita yekutanga yemagetsi bass kurekodha paArt Farmer Septet album.

Mamwe mapiyona echiridzwa chefender ndiRoy Johnson naShifty Henry. Bill Black, aitamba naElvis Presley, anga achishandisa Fender Precision kubvira 1957. Zvitsva izvi zvakakwezva kwete chete vaimboridza mabhesi maviri, asiwo magitarewo zvawo. Semuyenzaniso, Paul McCartney weThe Beatles pakutanga aive rhythm gitare asi akazochinja kuita bass. McCartney akashandisa chiGerman Hofner 500/1 electro-acoustic bass gitare. Chimiro chaicho chinoita kuti muviri utaridzike kunge violin.

Muma1960, simba remimhanzi yerock rakawedzera. Vazhinji vagadziri, kusanganisira Yamaha neTisco, vari kutanga kugadzira emagetsi bass magitare. Mukutanga 60s, iyo "Fender Jazz Bass" yakaburitswa, yakambonzi "deluxe bass". Magadzirirwo emuviri akaitirwa kuti zvive nyore kuti mutambi atambe nekuvabvumira kuti vatambe vakagara.

Muna 1961, iyo Fender VI nhanhatu-tambo bass gitare yakaburitswa. Kuvakwa kwechitsva chaive octave yakaderera pane yekare. Chiridzwa chacho chaive chekuravira kwaJack Bruce kubva kudombo re "Cream". Gare gare akaishandura ku "EB-31" - muenzaniso une compact size. Iyo EB-31 yakasiyaniswa nekuvapo kwe mini-humbucker pabhiriji.

Pakati pe-70s, vagadziri vezviridzwa zvepamusoro vakatanga kugadzira shanduro yetambo shanu yebhesi gitare. Tambo ye "B" yakagadziridzwa kune inzwi rakaderera zvikuru. Muna 1975, luthier Carl Thompson akagamuchira odha ye6-tambo bass gitare. Kurongeka kwakavakwa sezvinotevera: B0-E1-A1-D2-G2-C-3. Gare gare, mienzaniso yakadaro yakatanga kunzi "extended bass". Iyo yakawedzera renji modhi yakawana mukurumbira pakati pesesheni bass vatambi. Chikonzero ndechekuti hapana chikonzero chekugara uchigadzirisa chiridzwa.

Kubva kuma80s, hapasati paine shanduko huru mubass gitare. Hunhu hwemapikicha uye zvinhu zvakavandudzwa, asi izvo zvekutanga zvakaramba zvakafanana. Chinosarudzika imhando dzekuyedza, senge acoustic bass yakavakirwa pane acoustic gitare.

Mhando

Mhando dzebass magitare echinyakare anosiyana munzvimbo yemapikicha. Kune marudzi anotevera:

• Precision bass. Nzvimbo yekutora iri pedyo neaxis yemuviri. Iwo akaiswa muchekibhodhi pateni, imwe mushure meimwe.
• Jazz bass. Vanonhonga verudzi urwu vanonzi vasina kuroorwa. Iwo anowanikwa kure nemumwe. Ruzha kana uchiridza chiridzwa chakadaro chinowedzera simba uye chakasiyana.
• Combo bass. Dhizaini ine zvinhu zvejazz uye chaiyo bass. Imwe mutsara wemapikicha inodzika, uye imwe chete inoiswa pazasi.
• Humbucker. 2 makoiri anoita sepikicha. Makoiri anonamirwa pandiro yesimbi pamuviri. Iine kurira kwemafuta ane simba.

Pamusoro pezvo, kune kupatsanurwa mune zvinonetsa uye zvisingaite mutsauko. Fretless fretboards haina nut, kana yakasungwa, tambo dzinobata pamusoro chaipo. Iyi sarudzo inoshandiswa mumataera ejazz fusion, funk, inofambira mberi simbi. Fretless mhando hadzisi dzechimwe chiyero chemimhanzi.

Nzira yekusarudza bass gitare

Anotanga anokurudzirwa kutanga ne 4-tambo modhi. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mhando yechiridzwa inoshandiswa mumhando dzose dzakakurumbira. Pagitare nenhamba yakawedzera yetambo, mutsipa uye tambo spacing zvakakura. Kudzidzira kutamba 5 kana 6 tambo bass zvinotora nguva yakareba uye zvakanyanya kuoma. Zvinokwanisika kutanga netambo-nhanhatu, kana munhu wacho aine chokwadi chemhando yakasarudzwa yekutamba inoda. Iyo nomwe-tambo bass gitare isarudzo yevaimbi vane ruzivo chete. Zvakare, vanotanga havakurudzirwe kutenga mamodheru asina fret.

Acoustic bass magitare haawanzo. Acoustics inonzwika yakanyarara uye haishande kune vakawanda vateereri. Mutsipa kazhinji mupfupi.

Gitare luthier muchitoro chemimhanzi inogona kukubatsira kusarudza mabhesi akakodzera. Kuzvimiririra, zvakakodzera kutarisa chiridzwa chekukombama kwemutsipa. Kana, kana iwe ukabata chero kunetseka, tambo inotanga kurira, iyo fretboard yakakombama.

Bass gitare maitiro

Vaimbi vanoridza chiridzwa vakagara uye vakamira. Munzvimbo yekugara, gitare rinoiswa pamabvi uye rakabatwa nechemberi yeruoko. Kana uchiridza wakamira, chiridzwa chinobatwa patambo yakaturikwa pabendekete. Vaimbove kaviri bassists dzimwe nguva vanoshandisa bass gitare semabhesi maviri nekushandura muviri wakamira.

Anenge ese acoustic uye emagetsi gitare ekutamba maitiro anoshandiswa pane bass. Maitiro ekutanga: kudzvanya zvigunwe, kurova, kunhonga. Matekiniki anosiyana mukuoma, ruzha uye chiyero.

Iyo pini inoshandiswa mumhando dzakawanda. Inzwi rakapfava. Kutamba nepiki kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mudombo nesimbi. Inzwi racho rinowedzera uye rinowedzera. Pakurova, tambo inorova frets, ichigadzira ruzha rwakati. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mufunk style.