Chii chinonzi Piano - iyo Yakakura muchidimbu

Piyano (kubva kuItaly forte - ruzha uye piano - yakanyarara) chiridzwa chine tambo chine nhoroondo yakapfuma. Yave ichizivikanwa nenyika kweanopfuura mazana matatu emakore, asi ichiri yakakosha.

Muchinyorwa chino - kutarisisa kwakazara kwepiyano, nhoroondo yayo, mudziyo uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Nhoroondo yechiridzwa chemimhanzi

Pamberi pekusumwa kwepiyano, pakanga paine mamwe marudzi ezviridzwa zvekhibhodi:

1. Harpsichord . Yakagadzirwa muItaly muzana remakore rechi15. Inzwi rakabudiswa nekuda kwekuti kana kiyi yakatsikirirwa, tsvimbo (pusher) yakasimuka, mushure mokunge plectrum "yakadzura" tambo. Izvo zvakashata zve harpsichord ndezvekuti haugone kushandura vhoriyamu, uye mimhanzi hainzwi yakasimba zvakakwana.
2. Clavichord (yakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin - "kiyi uye tambo"). Yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumazana emakore XV-XVIII. Mutsindo wakasimuka nekuda kwekubata kwe tangent (pini yesimbi kuseri kwekiyi) patambo. Kunzwika kwezwi kwaidzorwa nekudzvanya kiyi. Iyo yakaderera ye clavichord ndiyo inokurumidza kupera ruzha.

Mugadziri wepiyano ndiBartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731), nyanzvi yemimhanzi yekuItaly. Muna 1709, akapedza basa pachiridzwa chinonzi gravicembalo col piano e forte (harpsichord inonzwika zvakapfava uye zvine ruzha) kana "pianoforte". Anenge ese manode makuru emuchina wepiyano yemazuva ano anga atovapo.

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Nokufamba kwenguva, piyano yakagadziridzwa:

• mapuranga ane simba esimbi akaonekwa, kuiswa kwetambo kwakashandurwa (imwe pamusoro peimwe yakayambuka), uye kuwanda kwavo kwakawedzerwa - izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana ruzha rwakanyanya;
• muna 1822, muFrench S. Erar patented "double rehearsal" nzira, iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kukurumidza kudzokorora inzwi uye kuwedzera simba reMutambo;
• Muzana remakore rechi20, mapiyano emagetsi uye magadzirirwo akagadzirwa .

MuRussia, kugadzirwa kwepiyano kwakatanga muzana remakore rechi18 muSt. Kusvikira 1917, pakanga paine vanenge 1,000 mhizha uye mazana emafemu emimhanzi - semuenzaniso, KM Schroeder, Ya. Becker" nevamwe.

Pakazara, munhoroondo yese yekuvapo kwepiyano, vanenge 20,000 vakasiyana vagadziri, vese mafemu uye vanhu, vakashanda pachiridzwa ichi.

Ko piyano, gran piano uye fortepiano inotaridzika sei

Fortepiano izita rakajairika rezviridzwa zvinoridzwa zvemhando iyi. Rudzi urwu runosanganisira piano huru uye pianinos (shanduro chaiyo - "piyano diki").

Mupiyano huru, tambo, makanika ese uye bhodhi rekurira (resonating surface) zvakaiswa zvakachinjika, saka ine saizi inokatyamadza, uye chimiro chayo chakafanana nebapiro reshiri. Chinhu chayo chakakosha chivharo chekuvhura (kana chavhurwa, simba rekurira rinowedzerwa).

Kune pianos ehukuru hwakasiyana, asi paavhareji, kureba kwechiridzwa kunofanira kunge kuri 1.8 m, uye hupamhi hunofanira kunge hunosvika 1.5 m.

Iyo pianino inoratidzwa nekumira kwakamira kurongeka kwemaitiro, nekuda kwekuti ine hurefu hukuru kupfuura piyano, chimiro chakareba uye inosendamira padyo nemadziro ekamuri. Zviyero zvepiyano zvidiki zvakanyanya pane zvepiyano huru - hupamhi hwepakati hunosvika 1.5 m, uye kudzika kunenge 60 cm.

Kusiyana kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi

Pamusoro pehukuru hwakasiyana, piyano huru ine misiyano inotevera kubva piyano:

1. Tambo dzepiyano huru dziri mundege imwe chete nemakiyi (perpendicular papiyano), uye dzakareba, izvo zvinopa ruzha rukuru uye rwakapfuma.
2. Piyano huru ine 3 pedals uye piano ine 2.
3. Musiyano mukuru ndicho chinangwa chezviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Piyano yakafanira kushandiswa pamba, sezvo iri nyore kudzidzira kuiridza, uye vhoriyamu yacho haina kukura zvokutovhiringidza vavakidzani. Iyo piyano yakagadzirirwa kunyanya kumakamuri makuru uye vaimbi vane hunyanzvi.

Kazhinji, piyano uye piyano huru vari pedyo kune mumwe nemumwe, vanogona kuonekwa semudiki uye mukuru mumhuri yepiyano.

Mhando

Mhando huru dzepiyano :

• piyano duku (kureba 1.2 - 1.5 m.);
• piano yevana (kureba 1.5 - 1.6 m.);
• piyano yepakati (1.6 - 1.7 m kureba);
• piyano huru yeimba yekutandarira (1.7 - 1.8 m.);
• nyanzvi (kureba kwayo 1.8 m.);
• piyano huru yehoro diki nehombe (1.9/2 m kureba);
• diki nehombe mapiano makuru ekonzati (2.2/2.7 m.)

Tinogona kudoma marudzi anotevera emapiyano:

• piano-spinet - kureba isingasviki 91 cm, saizi diki, dhizaini yakaderera, uye, semhedzisiro, kwete yakanyanya kunaka mhando;
• piano console (inonyanya kusarudzwa) - kureba 1-1.1 m, chimiro chetsika, inzwi rakanaka;
• studio (nyanzvi) piano - kureba 115-127 cm, ruzha rwakafanana nepiyano huru;
• piyano huru - kureba kubva 130 cm uye pamusoro, ekare masampuli, anosiyaniswa nerunako, kusimba uye yakanakisa ruzha.

Arrangement

Iyo piyano hombe nepiyano zvinogovana dhizaini yakafanana, kunyangwe iwo mameseji akarongwa zvakasiyana:

• tambo dzinodhonzerwa pane yakakandwa-simbi furemu nerubatsiro rwemapegi, ayo anoyambuka treble uye bass shingles (anowedzera tambo vibrations), akasungirirwa kune nhovo yehuni pasi petambo ( resonant deck);
• muchikamu chepasi, 1 tambo inoita, uye pakati nepamusoro marejista, "chorus" ye 2-3 tambo.

hurongwa

Muridzi wepiyano paanodzvanya kiyi, damper (muffler) inoenda kure netambo, ichiibvumira kunzwika zvakasununguka, mushure mezvo sando inorova pairi. Aya ndiwo manzwire anoita piyano. Kana chiridzwa chisina kuridzwa, tambo (kunze kweiyo yakanyanyisa octaves) inomanikidzwa kurwisa damper.

Piano Pedals

Piyano kazhinji ine mapedal maviri, nepo piyano huru ine matatu:

1. First pedal . Paunoidzvanya, madhamu ese anosimuka, uye dzimwe tambo dzinorira kana makiyi aburitswa, nepo dzimwe dzichitanga kubvunda. Nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kuwana inoenderera inonzwika uye yakawedzera overtones.
2. Nyore kuruboshwe . Inoita kuti inzwi rive muffled uye rinoderedza. Kashoma kushandiswa.
3. Chechitatu pedal (inowanikwa papiyano chete). Basa rayo nderekuvhara mamwe madhamu kuitira kuti arambe akasimudzwa kusvika pedal yabviswa. Nekuda kweizvi, unogona kuchengetedza imwe chord uchiridza mamwe manotsi.

Kuridza chiridzwa

Mhando dzese dzepiyano dzine makiyi makumi masere nemasere, makumi mashanu nembiri machena uye mamwe makumi matatu nematanhatu asara matema. Iyo yakajairwa huwandu hweichi chiridzwa chemimhanzi kubva painoti A subcontroctave kusvika kune C mune yechishanu octave.

Mapiyano nemapiyano makuru anochinja-chinja uye anogona kuridza chero tune. Iwo akakodzera ese ari maviri emabasa ega uye nekubatana neorchestra.

Somuenzaniso, pianists kazhinji kuperekedza violin, dombra, cello uye zvimwe zviridzwa.

FAQ

Ungasarudza sei piyano yekushandisa kumba?

Izvo zvinodiwa kuti utarise chinhu chakakosha - iyo yakakura piyano kana piyano huru, zviri nani ruzha. Kana hukuru hweimba yako uye bhajeti zvichibvumira, unofanira kutenga piyano hombe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiridzwa chepakati-kati chichava sarudzo yakanakisisa - haingatori nzvimbo yakawanda, asi inonzwika zvakanaka.

Zviri nyore here kudzidza kuridza piyano?

Kana piyano ichida hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, saka piyano yakanyatsokodzera kune vanotanga. Avo vasina kudzidza pachikoro chemimhanzi vachiri mwana havafanirwe kugumbuka - ikozvino unogona kutora zvidzidzo zvepiyano zviri nyore online.

Ndevapi vagadziri vepiyano vakanyanya kunaka?

Zvakakosha kucherechedza makambani akati wandei anogadzira emhando yepamusoro pianos makuru nemapiyano:

• shoma : Bechstein mapiano makuru, Bluthner pianos uye makuru pianos, Yamaha konzati huru pianos;
• middle class : Hoffmann piano huru , August Forester pianos;
• inokwanisika bhajeti mhando : Boston, Yamaha pianos, Haessler grand pianos.

Vaimbi vepiyano vane mukurumbira uye vaimbi

1. Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) muimbi wePolish ane mukurumbira uye virtuoso pianist. Akanyora mabasa mazhinji mumhando dzakasiyana, achibatanidza classics uye innovation, ane simba guru pamimhanzi yenyika.
2. franz liszt (1811-1886) - Hungarian piano. Akave akakurumbira nokuda kwekuridza piyano yake yevirtuoso uye mabasa ake akaoma zvikuru - semuenzaniso, Mephisto Waltz waltz.
3. Sergei Rachmaninov (1873-1943) muimbi wepiyano ane mukurumbira wekuRussia. Inosiyaniswa nemaitiro ayo ekutamba uye maitiro emunyori akasiyana.
4. Denis Matsuev mutambi wepiyano wemazuva ano, anohwina mumakwikwi ane mukurumbira. Basa rake rinobatanidza tsika dzechikoro chepiyano cheRussia uye zvitsva.

Zvinonakidza Chokwadi nezvePiano

• maererano nekucherechedza kwevasayendisiti, kuridza piyano kune simba rakanaka pakuranga, kubudirira mune zvidzidzo, maitiro uye kurongeka kwemafambiro muvana vezera rechikoro;
• kureba kwepiyano huru yekonsati munyika yose ndeye 3.3 m, uye uremu hunodarika tani imwe;
• pakati pepiyano keyboard iri pakati pezvinyorwa "mi" uye "fa" mune yekutanga octave;
• munyori webasa rekutanga piyano ndiLodovico Giustini, akanyora sonata "12 Sonate da cimbalo di piano e forte" muna 1732.

Summing up

Iyo piyano chiridzwa chakakurumbira uye chinochinjika zvekuti hazvigoneke kuwana analogue yayo. Kana usati wamboitamba kare, edza - zvichida imba yako ichakurumidza kuzadzwa nekurira kwemashiripiti emakiyi aya.