Mimhanzi uye ruvara: nezve chiitiko chekunzwa kwemavara

Kunyangwe muIndia yekare, pfungwa dzakasiyana nezvehukama hwepedyo pakati pemimhanzi uye ruvara dzakagadzirwa. Zvikurukuru, vaHindu vaidavira kuti munhu ari wose ane mutinhimira wake amene uye ruvara. Aristotle akangwara akapikisa mugwaro rake "Pamweya" kuti hukama hwemavara hwakafanana nemimhanzi inowirirana.

MaPythagoras aifarira chena seruvara rwakanyanya muChisiko, uye mavara echiratidziro mumaonero avo aienderana nematoni manomwe emimhanzi. Mavara nemanzwi mu cosmogony yevaGiriki isimba rinoshanda rekugadzira.

Muzana remakore rechi18, mumongi-sainzi L. Castel akavamba pfungwa yekugadzira “harpsichord yoruvara.” Kudzvanya kiyi kwaizopa muteereri ane gwapa rakajeka reruvara pahwindo rinokosha pamusoro pechiridzwa chiri muchimiro cheribhoni rine ruvara runofamba, mireza, inopenya nemavara akasiyana-siyana ematombo anokosha, anovhenekerwa nemwenje kana makenduru kuti awedzere kushanda.

Vaimbi Rameau, Telemann naGrétry vakateerera pfungwa dzaCastel. Panguva imwe cheteyo, akatsoropodzwa zvikuru nevaisaikoropidhiya avo vaifunga kuti fananidzo “manzwi manomwe echiyero – mavara manomwe e<em>spectrum” haigoneki.

Chiitiko che "mavara" kunzwa

Chiitiko chekuonekwa kwemavara emimhanzi chakawanikwa nevamwe vakatanhamara vemimhanzi. Kumuimbi weRussia akangwara NA Rimsky-Korsakov, vaimbi veSoviet vane mukurumbira BV Asafiev, SS Skrebkov, AA Quesnel nevamwe vakaona makiyi makuru nemadiki seakapendwa mune mamwe mavara. Austrian munyori wezana remakore rechi20. A. Schoenberg akaenzanisa mavara nemutinhimira wenziyo dzezviridzwa zvesymphony orchestra. Mumwe nomumwe waava vatenzi vakatanhamara akaona mavara avo vamene mukunzwika kwenziyo.

• Somuenzaniso, kuna Rimsky-Korsakov yakanga ine hue yegoridhe uye yakamutsa manzwiro emufaro uye chiedza; yeAsafiev yakanga yakapendwa ruvara rweemerald green lawn mushure memvura yechirimo.
• yaiita seyakasviba uye ichidziya kuna Rimsky-Korsakov, lemon yero kuQuesnel, kupenya kutsvuku kuAsafiev, uye kuna Skrebkov kwakamutsa kushamwaridzana neruvara rwegirini.

Asi paivawo nezviitiko zvinoshamisa.

• Iyo tonality yakatsanangurwa sebhuruu, ruvara rwedenga rehusiku.
• Rimsky-Korsakov akamutsa hukama neruvara rweyero, regal, kune Asafiev yaive miranzi yezuva, yakanyanya kupisa chiedza, uye kuna Skrebkov neQuesnel yaive yero.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vese vaimbi vakadaidzwa vaive nepitch yakakwana.

"Kupenda kwemavara" nemanzwi

Mabasa neNA Musicologists anowanzo kudana Rimsky-Korsakov "inonzwika pendi." Tsanangudzo iyi inodyidzana nemifananidzo inoshamisa yemumhanzi wemunyori. Rimsky-Korsakov's operas uye symphonic nziyo dzakapfuma mumimhanzi. Kusarudzwa kwetonal plan yemifananidzo yezvisikwa haisi nengozi.

Kuonekwa mumatoni ebhuruu, E huru uye E yakakura, mumitambo "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", "Sadko", "The Golden Cockerel", yakashandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yegungwa uye nenyeredzi usiku denga. Kubuda kwezuva mumaopera akafanana akanyorwa muA huru - kiyi yechirimo, pink.

Mune opera "The Snow Maiden" musikana wechando anotanga kuonekwa pachikuva mu "blue" E huru, uye amai vake Vesna-Krasna - mu "spring, pink" A chikuru. Kuratidzwa kwemanzwiro enziyo kunoendeswa nemunyori mu "inodziya" D-flat guru - iyiwo ndiyo tonality yechiitiko chekunyunguduka kweSnow Maiden, uyo akagamuchira chipo chikuru cherudo.

Munyori weFrench impressionist C. Debussy haana kusiya mashoko chaiwo pamusoro pechiono chake chemimhanzi muruvara. Asi piyano yake inotangira - "Terrace Inoshanyirwa neMwedzi", umo inzwi rinopenya rinopenya, "Musikana ane Flaxen Hair", rakanyorwa mumatoni akajeka emvura, anoratidza kuti munyori aiva nechinangwa chakajeka chekubatanidza inzwi, chiedza uye ruvara.

C. Debussy “Musikana ane Bvudzi reFlaxen”

Debussy's symphonic work "Nocturnes" inokutendera kuti unzwe zvakajeka iyi yakasarudzika "chiedza-ruvara-sound". Chikamu chekutanga, "Makore," chinoratidza makore esirivha-grey achifamba zvishoma nezvishoma uye achipera kure. Husiku hwechipiri hwe "Mhemberero" inoratidzira kuputika kwechiedza mumhepo, kutamba kwayo kunonakidza. Muusiku hwechitatu, mhandara dzemasairini dzemashiripiti dzinozunguzika pamafungu egungwa, dzichipenya mumhepo yousiku, uye dzichiimba rwiyo rwadzo rwokuroya.

K. Debussy "Nocturnes"

Kutaura nezvemimhanzi uye ruvara, hazvibviri kuti usabata basa reiyo brilliant AN Scriabin. Semuenzaniso, ainyatsonzwa kupfuma kweruvara rutsvuku rweF chikuru, iyo yegoridhe ruvara rweD huru, uye yebhuruu yakadzama ruvara rweF inopinza huru. Scriabin haana kubatanidza zvese tonalities nechero ruvara. Muimbi akagadzira inonzwika-ruvara sisitimu (uyezve padenderedzwa rezvishanu uye ruvara rwemavara). Mifungo yemunyori pamusoro pemusanganiswa wemimhanzi, chiedza uye ruvara yakanyatsojeka munhetembo ye symphonic "Prometheus".

Masayendisiti, vaimbi uye maartist vachiri kukakavara nhasi nezve mukana wekubatanidza ruvara nemimhanzi. Pane zvidzidzo zvekuti nguva dzekutenderera kwemasaisai eruzha uye akareruka hazvienderane uye "ruzha rwemavara" chinongori chiitiko chekuona. Asi vaimbi vane tsanangudzo: . Uye kana ruzha uye ruvara zvakabatanidzwa mukuziva kwekusika kwemunyori, ipapo guru "Prometheus" naA. Scriabin uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinonzwika dzeI. Levitan naN. Roerich vanoberekwa. MuPolenova…