Kurai: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, mhando, kugadzira, kutamba

Kurai yakaonekwa munguva dzekare, yakagoverwa pakati peBashkir, Tatar vagari venyika. Yakanga yakashandiswa pamimhanzi yekuperekedza michato, mazororo, nhasi iri chikamu che orchestras uye ensembles.

Chii chinonzi kurai

Kurai inorongedzerwa seboka rezviridzwa zvinoridzwa zvemhepo. Kupfuura zvose, yakafanana nenyere. Inotaridzika sepombi refu ine maburi emhepo ari pamuviri.

Mienzaniso yakasiyana muhukuru: kureba kunotangira kubva pa120-1000 mm. Mamwe marudzi akashongedzerwa nerurimi runorova mukati, zvichikutendera iwe kusiyanisa manzwi aunobvisa.

Chinhu chekutanga chekushandisa chaive madzinde akaomeswa emiti yemhuri yeUmbelliferae. Mienzaniso yemazuva ano inogadzirwa kubva kune zvigadziko zvakasiyana-siyana: simbi, huni.

Chiyero, timbre, diatonic renji yekurai zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana: saizi, zvinhu, dhizaini maficha. Paavhareji, chiridzwa chine matatu akazara octaves mune yayo arsenal. Chikero chisanganiswa chezvikamu zviviri zvepentatonic.

Kurai inonzwika isina kujairika: ine mweya, yakadzikama, yakaora mwoyo. Zvakaoma kuita rwiyo kumimhanzi yakadaro, kazhinji inoperekedzwa nekuimba kwehuro.

Device

Chigadzirwa chacho chiri nyore - muviri wakareba wakatwasuka, usina mukati. Dzimwe nguva rurimi runowanikwa mukati mebhokisi. Makomba ari kudivi rekunze: nekubatanidza imwe kana kupfuura, muimbi anoburitsa manzwi anodiwa maererano nehurefu uye timbre.

Kureba kwechombo, nhamba yemakomba pamuviri yakasiyana. Iyo classic modhi ine zvinotevera paramita:

• kureba - 570-800 mm;
• kureba - 20 mm;
• nhamba yemakomba - 5 (4 inoshongedza rutivi rwemberi rwenyaya, 1 - kumashure);
• gomba dhayamita - 5-15 mm.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Yekutanga zvinyorwa inotaura nezve kurai yakadzokera kuzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Asi nhoroondo yaro yakarebesa: hazvizivikanwe zvechokwadi kuti chiridzwa chakazvarwa riini. Tatars, Bashkirs vave vachiridza kubva kare kare.

Midziyo yemimhanzi yakaita senyere yaishandiswa nevanhu kunyange nguva yedu isati yasvika, yakanga yakapararira, inowanikwa munenge mutsika dzose dzenyika. Zvichida, kurai akauya kumaTatars, Bashkirs kubva kuAsia vavakidzani - Mongols, Kazakhs.

Kwenguva refu, pakava nekukakavadzana pakati peBashkortostan neTatarstan, iyo yevanhu vanogona kudana kurai "chiridzwa chavo" chenyika. Chokwadi chakazove kudivi reBashkiria: iyo republic yakakwanisa kupa patent chiridzwa sechiratidzo chenharaunda. Nhasi inotaridzwa zviri pamutemo sechiridzwa chenyika cheBashkir, kunyangwe iyo Tatar kurai isiri yakajairika.

Kwakabva kurai, maererano nengano yeBashkir, inosanganiswa nejaya rakapukunyuka rufu rune utsinye nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwechiridzwa chemimhanzi. Akakandwa kunze neakaipa khan musango gobvu, iye, asina chekuita, akagadzira pombi kubva padzinde remuti, zuva rega rega aitamba pairi, zvishoma nezvishoma achienda mberi. Saka nenzira inoshamisa, akakurumidza kuzviwana ava pedyo nenzvimbo dzaakaberekerwa. Vagari vomumusha vakamhanyira kumanzwi erwiyo rwakanaka, vakaziva kuti khan akabata sei majaya, akamhanyira kumuzinda, ndokupidigura mudzvinyiriri. Uye Kurai akava shamwari yenguva dzose yeBashkirs, sechiratidzo chekusunungurwa kubva mukutambudzika.

Pakutanga, varume chete ndivo vairidza chiridzwa chacho. VaKuraists (vanhu vanoridza kurai) vasati vaita basa, vaigara vachitaura zvayakanga iri - imwe mhando yengano, nyaya, ngano. Vanhu ava vaikosheswa zvikuru, sezvo vaiva vadetembi, vaimbi, vaimbi, nyanzvi dzengano dzose dzakakungurutswa kuva chinhu chimwe.

Zviridzwa zvekare zvakanyoroveswa nemvura zvisati zvaitwa. Iyo Play yaiperekedzwa muzviitiko zvakawanda nekuimba kwehuro.

Muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nyanzvi nevateresi vengano vakafarira chiridzwa cheTatar (Bashkir). Kurai akanyatsotsvakurudzwa, akatsanangurwa, akaiswa mumapoka.

Muna 1998, Republican Kurai Union yakagadzirwa muUfa kekutanga, chinangwa chiri chekuvandudza tsika dzenyika, kuchengetedza nhaka yemweya, uye kutsigira vaimbi vanoziva nzira yekuridza kurai.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekurai

Pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kune akati wandei mamwe magadzirirwo ekurai:

• Kopshe. Nyere yakavhurika yelongitudinal ine maburi maviri. Ose ari maviri ari parutivi rwemberi: yekutanga inenge minwe mitanhatu kubva kumucheto wezasi, inotevera minwe mishanu yakakwirira.
• Agach. Nyere yehuni yemuridzo. Izvo zvinogadzirwa kubva kumhando dzakanyatsotsanangurwa - maple, viburnum, walnut. Nhamba yemakomba yakasiyana - 4-6. Kureba - 25-30 cm.
• Mhangura. Slotted whistle tool. Zvinhu zvekugadzira - ndarira, sirivha, aluminium. Iyo dhayamita yemuenzaniso ndeye 20-23 mm, kureba kwemuviri ndeye 26-26,5 cm. Huwandu hwemakomba ndi7.
• Kazan. Longitudinal muridzo nyere yakaita koni. Hwaro hwatove pamusoro ne10-15 mm. Kureba kwese ndeye 58-80 cm. Iwo Play maburi aripo muhuwandu hwe2, 5,6,7, XNUMX zvidimbu.
• Nogai. Longitudinal muridzo nyere ine maburi maviri, kureba kwemuviri 69 - 77,5 cm. Inonzi rudzi rwechikadzi rwekurai.
• Kurai kubva kumashanga. Akashongedzerwa nerurimi, ndeweboka remaaerophones. Hwaro hwemuviri hwaive huswa hwezviyo. Huwandu hwemaburi hwakatemwa nenjere dzemuimbi. Rurimi rudiki, rwakareba masendimita maviri uye rwakafara mamirimita maviri, rwakachekwa muchikamu chakavharwa cheshanga.

Kuita sei kurai

Zvinoenderana nemakanoni ese, chiridzwa chevanhu chinofanirwa kugadzirwa kubva kumatande emiti yemaamburera. Izvi zvinotevera zvakanaka:

• ngirozi huru;
• strut;
• costal plant

Chimiro chakasarudzwa hachifaniri kuva nezvikanganiso, zvinyoro, kunyange kubva mukati nekunze. Nguva yakakodzera yekuunganidza zvinhu ndeyekupera kwaJuly - kutanga kwaAugust, mushure mekupera kwekutumbuka kwemishonga.

Muenzaniso wakasarudzwa unochekwa pamudzi, wakaomeswa zvakakwana muimba yakachengetedzwa kubva pachiedza. Kuomesa kunze kunobvira. Pangosvika tsinde yaoma zvachose, inopiwa urefu hunodiwa, makomba anotemwa muhuwandu hunodiwa.

Concert kurai inogadzirwa kubva kune yakachekwa veneer. Iyo tekinoroji yaive patented muna 1976, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira maturusi kumabhizinesi emaindasitiri. Iyo nzira haidi nguva yakawanda, inoitwa uchishandisa nzira dzemazuva ano uye matekinoroji.

Kuita kurai

Kutamba kurai kunoda kudzora mweya wekufema. Ruzha rwehurefu hunodiwa hunoburitswa nekuvhara (kuvhura) maburi ari padivi pemuviri. Kuwanda kwemaburi, kupfuma kwechiridzwa chacho, ndiko kuwedzera kwacho kukwanisa kuburitsa inzwi.

Muimbi anoisa muviri pakati pemeno, achiifukidza zvishoma nemuromo wepamusoro, uye zvishoma kuzarura muromo wezasi, pane zvinopesana. Musoro werurimi unogara pamucheto wechiridzwa. Panguva Yekutamba, miromo haivharidzi, rurimi harubvi kumucheto. Iwe unogona kuita izvi nekuwana ruzivo, kugara uchidzidzira.

Nziyo dzerudzi rwekurai dzinoperekedzwa nekuimba pahuro.

Kushandisa mudziyo

Kurai chikamu chemaokestra ezviridzwa zvevanhu, organically anotarisa muensembles achiita Bashkir, Tatar mimhanzi. Yakakodzera kuita nziyo dzenziyo, kutamba. Icho chiridzwa chinowanzo solos - manzwi ayo anofadza haafaniri kuwedzerwa.