Jean Martinon (Martinon, Jean) |
Martinon, Jean
Zita remuimbi uyu rakakwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda chete mukutanga kwemakumi matanhatu, apo iye, kune vazhinji, zvisingatarisirwi, akatungamira imwe yeakanakisa orchestras munyika - iyo Chicago Symphony, achive mutsivi wemushakabvu Fritz Reiner. Kunyange zvakadaro, Martinon, uyo panguva ino akanga ava nemakore makumi mashanu, akanga atova neruzivo rwakawanda somuperekedzi, uye izvi zvakamubatsira kururamisa kuvimba kwaakaitwa. Iye zvino anodanwa zvakakodzera pakati pevaperekedzi vanotungamirira vomunguva yedu.
Martinon murume wechiFrench nekuzvarwa, hudiki hwake nehudiki hwakapedzerwa muLyon. Akabva apedza kudzidza kubva kuParis Conservatory - kutanga seviolinist (muna 1928), uyezve semunyori (mukirasi yaA. Roussel). Hondo isati yasvika, Martinon ainyanya kubatanidzwa mukuumbwa, uye kuwedzera, kuti awane mari kubva pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe, airidza violin mune imwe symphony orchestra. Mukati memakore ekutapa kweNazi, muimbi wacho akanga achishingaira mubato reResistance, akapedza anenge makore maviri ari mumakomba eNazi.
Basa rekuita raMartinon rakatanga netsaona, mushure mehondo. Mumwe maestro anozivikanwa weParisian akambobatanidza Yekutanga Symphony muchirongwa chekonzati yake. Asi akabva afunga kuti aisazova nenguva yekudzidza basa, uye akakurudzira kuti munyori azvibate. Akabvuma, kwete pasina kuzengurira, asi akagonana nebasa rake nounyanzvi. Kokero dzakauya dzichibva kwose kwose. Martinon anotungamira orchestra yeParis Conservatory, muna 1946 anotove mukuru weiyo symphony orchestra muBordeaux. Zita remuimbi riri kuwana mukurumbira muFrance uye kunyange kunze kwemiganhu yayo. Martinon akabva afunga kuti ruzivo rwaakawana rwakanga rusina kumukwanira, uye akavandudzwa achitungamirirwa nevaimbi vane mukurumbira vakaita saR. Desormieres naC. Munsch. Muna 1950 akava kondakita zvachose, uye muna 1954 mutungamiriri weLamoureux Concertos muParis, uye akatangawo kushanya kunze kwenyika. Asati akokwa kuAmerica, akanga ari mutungamiri weDüsseldorf Orchestra. Uye zvakadaro Chicago yaive yechokwadi shanduko munzira yekugadzira yaJean Martinon.
Muchinyorwa chake chitsva, muimbi haana kuratidza repertoire zvisingakwanisi, izvo vakawanda vanoda mimhanzi vaitya. Anoda kuita kwete chete mimhanzi yechiFrench, asiwo maViennese symphonists - kubva kuMozart naHaydn kuenda kuMahler naBruckner uye Russian classics. Ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvichangoburwa nzira dzekutaura (Martinon haasiye kuumbwa) uye maitiro echizvino-zvino mukugadzira mimhanzi inobvumira conductor kuti abatanidze nziyo dzichangoburwa muzvirongwa zvake. Zvose izvi zvakakonzera kuti kare muna 1962 magazini yeAmerica Musical America yakaperekedza kuongororwa kwemakonzati emuitisi ane musoro unoti: "Viva Martinon", uye basa rake semukuru weChicago Orchestra rakagamuchira kuongororwa kwakanaka. Martinon mumakore achangopfuura haasiye mabasa ekushanya; akapinda mumitambo yakawanda yenyika, kusanganisira Prague Spring muna 1962.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
