Denise Duval (Denise Duval) |

Denise Duval

Opera muse Poulenc

1. Francis Poulenc uye unyanzvi hwezana remakore rechi20

“Ndinoyemura muimbi uye munhu anogadzira mhanzi yechisikigo inokusiyanisa nevamwe. Muchamupupuri chehurongwa hwemafashoni, dzidziso dziri kuyedza kuisa masimba, iwe unoramba uri wega - ushingi husingawanzo hwakakodzera kuremekedzwa, "Arthur Honegger akanyorera Francis Poulenc mune imwe yetsamba dzake. Aya mazwi anoratidza quintessence yePulenkov's aesthetics. Zvechokwadi, munyori uyu ane nzvimbo inokosha pakati pevanyori vezana remakore rechi20. Seri kwemazwi aya anoita seasina basa (mushure mezvose, tenzi mukuru wega wega akakosha mune chimwe chinhu!) Inovanza, zvisinei, chokwadi chakakosha. Ichokwadi ndechokuti unyanzvi hwezana remakore rechi20, pamwe chete nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzayo, dzine huwandu hwehuwandu hwemaitiro. Muchimiro chakanyanya, vanogona kugadzirwa sezvizvi: kutonga kwemaitiro, kwakasanganiswa neaestheticism, yakavhenekerwa ne-anti-romanticism uye chishuwo chinopedza simba chezvitsva uye kupidigura zvidhori zvekare. Sezvo "vakatengesa" mweya yavo kune "dhiyabhorosi" wekufambira mberi uye budiriro, vazhinji vevanyori vakawana budiriro inoshamisa mundima yehunyanzvi nzira, iyo inoshamisa pachayo. Zvisinei, kurasikirwa kwacho pane dzimwe nguva kwaikosha. Mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva, musiki, kutanga kwezvose, haachatauri mafungiro ake kunyika, asi anovaka imwe itsva. Anowanzova nehanya zvikuru nekugadzira mutauro wake wepakutanga, kune kukuvadza kwekutendeseka uye manzwiro. Akagadzirira kupira kutendeseka uye kutendeukira kune eclecticism, kufuratira zvemazuva ano uye kutakurwa ne stylization - nzira dzese dzakanaka kana nenzira iyi budiriro inogona kuwanikwa. Enda zvako, usingaiti kutamba kunopfuura mwero nedzidziso ipi neipi, asi uchinzwa marovero enguva; kuti urambe wakatendeseka, asi panguva imwe chete kuti urege kunamatira pa "nzira yemugwagwa" - chipo chakakosha chakazoonekwa kuti chinowanikwa kune vashomanana. Vakadaro, semuenzaniso, ndiModigliani naPetrov-Vodkin mukupenda kana Puccini naRachmaninoff mumimhanzi. Kune, hongu, mamwe mazita. Kana tikataura nezveunyanzvi hwemimhanzi, pano Prokofiev anosimuka se "dombo", uyo akakwanisa kuwana kusanganiswa kwakanaka kwe "fizikisi" uye "nziyo". Mafungiro uye architectonics emutauro wepakutanga waakasika haapikisane nenziyo uye melodism, iyo yakava vavengi vekutanga kune vasiki vakawanda vakanaka, avo vakazovapa kune chiedza chemhando.

Iri kudzinza iri diki iro Poulenc ndewe, uyo mubasa rake akakwanisa kukudziridza zvakanakisa zvechiFrench mimhanzi tsika (kusanganisira iyo "lyrical opera"), kuchengetedza iko kukurumidza uye rwiyo rwemanzwiro, kwete kuramba kure nenhamba. yezvakabudirira zvikuru uye zvitsva zveunyanzvi hwemazuva ano.

Poulenc akasvika pakuumba maopera senyanzvi akakura ane zvakawanda zvaakakwanisa kuita kumashure kwake. Mapoka ake ekutanga akanyorwa muna 1916, nepo yekutanga opera, Breasts yeTiresias, yakanyorwa nemunyori mu1944 (yakaitwa muna 1947 paComic Opera). Uye ane vatatu vavo. Muna 1956, Dialogues of the Carmelites yakapedzwa (mutambo wepasi rose wakaitika muna 1957 paLa Scala), muna 1958 The Human Voice (yakaitwa pachikuva muna 1959 paOpera Comic). Muna 1961, munyori akagadzira basa rakanyanya, The Lady kubva kuMonte Carlo, raakadana kuti monologue ye soprano uye orchestra. Zita remuimbi wechiFrench Denise Duval rakabatana zvisingaite nenziyo idzi dzese.

2. Denise Duval – “opera muse” yaPoulenc

Akamuona, ane nyasha, akanaka, akashongedzwa, sekunge akaburuka kubva mumachira eVan Dongen, muPetit Theatre, pachinhanho chekuti maitiro eOpera Comic akaitwa panguva imwe chete. Muimbi akarairwa kuti atarise kwaari - muimbi uye mutambi kubva kuFolies Bergère - mutungamiriri we opera yake yekutanga, Max de Rieux. Duval, achidzidzira Tosca, akarova Poulenc ipapo. Akabva aona kuti akanga asingagoni kuwana mutambi mukuru webasa guru Teresa-Tiresia. Pamusoro pekugona kutaura kwakanaka, aifadzwa nerusununguko rwehunyanzvi uye nekuseka kunoshamisa, kwakakosha kune buffoon opera. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, Duval akave mutori wechikamu akakosha mune mazhinji ekutanga emazwi ake uye nhanho nziyo (kunze kweMilan kugadzirwa kweDialogues, uko chikamu chikuru chakaitwa naVirginia Zeani).

Denis Duval akaberekwa muna 1921 muParis. Akadzidza kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza muBordeaux, kwaakaita debut yake panhandare yeopera muna 1943 muRural Honor (chikamu chaLola). Muimbi, uyo aive netarenda rakajeka rekuita, akakwezvwa kwete chete nedanho reOpera. Kubva 1944, akazviedza pachake mukudzokororwa kweakakurumbira Folies Bergère. Upenyu hwakachinja zvinoshamisa muna 1947, paakatanga kukokwa kuGrand Opera, kwaanoimba Salome muMassenet's Herodias, uyezve kuOpera Comic. Pano akasangana naPoulenc, ushamwari hwekusika hwakaenderera mberi kusvikira pakufa kwemunyori.

Kuratidzwa kwokutanga kwenziyo “Mazamu eTiresia”* kwakakonzera kusanzwisisana kwevanhu. Vamiriri vepamusoro chete venharaunda yemimhanzi vakakwanisa kukoshesa iyi surrealistic farce yakavakirwa pakutamba kwezita rimwechete naGuillaume Apollinaire. Chete opera inotevera "Dialogues dzeKarimeri", yakagadzirwa nekuraira kweiyo theatre "La Scala", yakava kukunda kusingaverengeki kwemunyori. Asi pasati pava mamwe makore gumi. Zvichakadaro, basa rekushanda raDuval rakabatanidzwa kwemakore akati wandei neMonte Carlo Theatre. Pakati pemabasa akaitwa pachinhanho ichi ndiThais muMassenet's opera yezita rimwe chete (10), Ninetta muProkofiev's The Love for Three Oranges (1950), Concepcion muSpanish Hour naRavel (1952), Musetta (1952) nevamwe. Muna 1953 Duval anoimba paLa Scala muHonegger's oratorio Joan weArc padanda. Mugore rimwe chetero, akatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kweRameau's Gallant Indies paFlorentine Musical May mutambo. Mukutanga 1953s, muimbi akabudirira kutenderera United States kaviri (muna 50 akaimba muAmerican kugadzirwa kweOpera The Breasts of Tiresias).

Pakupedzisira, muna 1957, nokukurumidza pashure pokutanga kunobudirira muMilan, kuratidzwa kwokutanga kweParis kweDialogues des Carmelites** kwakaitika. Vateereri vakafadzwa nezvose zviri zviviri opera pachayo uye Duval saBlanche. Poulenc, isinganyatso kugutsikana neiyo Italianized Milanese kugadzirwa, inogona kugutsikana panguva ino. Iyo parlando maitiro pakupedzisira yakakunda pamusoro peiyo bel canto maitiro. Uye basa rakakosha zvikuru mukushandurwa kweopera uku rakaridzwa netarenda reunyanzvi raDuval.

Iyo yepamusoro yebasa raPoulenc, pamwe nebasa raDuval rekuvhiya, yaive mono-opera Izwi reMunhu ***. Kuratidzwa kwayo kwenyika kwakaitika muna Kukadzi 6, 1959 paOpera Comic. Nenguva isipi opera yakaitwa kuLa Scala (1959), pamwe nepamitambo muEdinburgh, Glyndebourne uye Aix-en-Provence (1960). Uye kwese kwese kuumbwa kwakaitwa naDuval kwakaperekedzwa nekukunda.

Mubasa iri, Poulenc akawana kunyengetedza kunoshamisa kwemanzwiro evanhu, hupfumi hunoshamisa hwemutauro wemimhanzi. Pakuumba mimhanzi, munyori akaverengera paDuval, pakukwanisa kwake kuita zvinoshamisa mufananidzo wemukadzi akasiiwa. Saka nerudyi ruzere tinokwanisa kufunga muimbi semunyori pamwe naye wechinyorwa ichi. Uye nhasi, kuteerera muimbi "Izwi reMunhu", munhu haagoni kuramba asina hanya neunyanzvi hwake hunoshamisa.

Imwezve basa raDuval mushure mekukunda kwemono-opera yakatowedzera kubudirira. Muna 1959, akapinda mukutanga kwenyika yeOpera yaNikolai Nabokov The Death of Rasputin muCologne. Kubva 1960, anga achitamba paColon Theatre, kwaanozopedza mimwe mwaka yakati wandei. Pakati pemapato akaitwa nemuimbi Tosca, Juliet mu "Tales of Hoffmann" nemamwe mabasa. Muna 1962-63 akaimba Mélisande paGlyndebourne Festival. Muna 1965, Duval akasiya nhanho kuti azvipire pakudzidzisa, pamwe nekutungamira opera.

Evgeny Tsodokov

Notes:

* Heino chidimbu che opera "Mazamu eTiresias" - chinyararire chisinganzwisisiki chinobva pamutambo wezita rimwe chete naG. Apollinaire: Exotic Zanzibar. Teresa, mukadzi wechidiki anozvidavirira, anobatikana nekuva murume uye kuva nemukurumbira. Hope dzacho dzinozadzika nenzira inoshamisa. Anoshanduka kuva Tiresias ane ndebvu, uye murume wake, pane kudaro, anova mukadzi anobereka vana 48048 pazuva (!), Nokuti Zanzibar inoda kuwedzera kwevanhu. "Kugadzirwa" kwevana ava kunotarisa chimwe chinhu chakadai: murume anoda kugadzira mutori wenhau, anokanda mapepanhau, inki, chigero mumufambisi uye anozevezera zvitsinga. Zvino zvose mumweya mumwe. Izvi zvinoteverwa nenhevedzano yemhando dzese dzekupenga adventures (kusanganisira duel, clowning) buffoon mavara, hapana pfungwa yakabatana nechirongwa. Mushure mezvose izvi mhirizhonga, Teresa anooneka ari muchimiro chesvikiro uye anoyanana nemurume wake. Chiito chese pamutambo wepasi rose chakasarudzwa nenzira yakanyanyisa. Saka, semuenzaniso, mukati mekuita, mazamu echikadzi ari muchimiro chebharumu anokwira muhuwandu hwakawanda mumhepo uye anonyangarika, achifananidzira kushanduka kwemukadzi kuva murume. Kugadzirwa kwekutanga kweRussia kweiyo opera yakaitwa muna 1992 paPerm Opera uye Ballet Theatre (inotungamirirwa naG. Isahakyan).

** Pamusoro pe opera "Dialogues of the Carmelites" ona: Encyclopedic Dictionary "Opera", M. "Composer", 1999, p. 121.

*** Nezvemumhanzi wemhanzi Inzwi reMunhu, ona irid., p. 452. Opera yakatanga kuitwa pachikuva cheRussia muna 1965, kutanga mumutambo wekonzati (soloist Nadezhda Yureneva), uye ipapo pachikuva cheBolshoi Theater (soloist Galina Vishnevskaya).