Cantus firmus, cantus firmus

lat., lit. - mutinhimira wakasimba, kana wakatsiga, unoimba, wakasimba, usingachinji; ital. canto fermo

Mumazana emakore 15-16. dingindira rebasa guru rekwaya. (dzimwe nguva zvikamu zvaro chete), zvakakweretwa nemunyori kubva munziyo dziripo (dzenyika, dzemweya) kana dzakanyorwa naye uye kushanda sehwaro hwemamuses. mafomu. Previous C. f. chimiro chacho chaive cantus planus (kunyangwe kuimba), maererano naTinktoris, ine zvinyorwa zvisingagumi (chaizvo, zvakakura) nguva uye hunhu hweGregorian chant (ona Gregorian chant). C. f., kufanana necantus planus, yakanyorwa mumanotsi enguva huru uye yaiwanzoiswa mu tenor (naizvozvo zita rezwi iri: kubva muchiLatin tenere - ndinobata, ndinodhonza).

C. f. aisarudza mataurirwo echigadzirwa chacho, sezvo mamwe manzwi ake aiwanzovakirwa pamutinhimira. Revs C.f. mu free rhythm. modification. Izvi zvakatorwa kubva kuC.f. nezvikamu zvawo, matimu madiki akaitwa zvekutevedzera mune mamwe manzwi, zvichikonzera kubatana kwechinyorwa nehukama hunozivikanwa hunosiyanisa rhythmic naC. Mukutenderera kukuru kugadzirwa, semuenzaniso. muuzhinji, nekudzokororwa kubatwa kweS.f. dzimwe nguva kusiyana kwayo kwakashandiswa mukutenderera uye mukufamba (J. Despres - Misa "Armed Man", zvikamu zveGloria neCredo). Nekuuya kwericercar pakati. Muzana remakore rechi16 C. f. zvishoma nezvishoma inopinda muchimiro ichi muchimiro chekuita dingindira mukukudza kaviri, kane (A. Gabrieli nevamwe) uye, nokudaro, inova chimwe chezvinhu zvakagadzira fugue. Dudziro yakasiyana yeC.f. anopinda mairi. “rwiyo rwetenor” (Tenorlied) rwezana ramakore rechi 16, mugadziriro dzekwaya dzezana ramakore rechi 17-18. (S. Scheidt, D. Buxtehude, J. Pachelbel, JS Bach) - mutinhimira waro kunyange kwenguva yakareba unosanganiswa nemanzwi anopikisana, ane rhythmically uye eintotional akawedzera. Kuenderera mberi kwetsika iyi muzana remakore rechi19. dzakagadziriswa Nar. nziyo dzaI. Brahms (“German Folk Songs”, 1858). Seshanduko yemusimboti wekare wekushandisa C. f. Kusiyana kwebasso ostinato, iyo yakave yakapararira muzana remakore rechi17-18, inogona kufungwa.

References: Sokolov N., Kutevedzera paCantus firmus. Nhungamiro yekudzidza yakasimba counterpoint. L., 1928; Aubry P., (Gastouy A.), Recherches sur les “Tenors” latins dans les motets du XIII siècle d'apris le manuscript de Montpellier, “La Tribune de Saint-Gervais”, XIII, 1907, ed. ed. – Aubry P., Recherches sur les “Tenors” français …, P., 1907; Sawyer FH, Kushandiswa uye kurapwa kwecanto fermo neNetherlands chikoro chezana remakore rechigumi neshanu, Mapepa eAmerican Musicological Society, v. LXIII, 1937; Meier B., Die Harmonik im cantus firmus-haltigen Satz des 15. Jahrhunderts, “AfMw”, Jahrg. IX, 1952, H. 1; Schmidt G., Zur Frage des Cantus firmus im 14. und beginnenden 15. Jahrhundert, “AfMw”, Jahrg. XV, 1958, nhamba. 4; Finsher L., Zur Cantus firmus-Behandlung in der Psalm-Motette der Josquinzeit, in H. Albrecht in memoriam, Kassel, 1962, s. 55-62; Sparks EH, Cantus firmus muhukuru uye motet. 1420-1520, Berk. - Los Ang., 1963.

TF Müller