Arthur Nikisch |

Arthur Nikisch

Muna 1866-1873 akadzidza pane Conservatory muVienna, makirasi aJ. Hellmesberger Sr. (violin) uye FO Dessof (kuumbwa). Muna 1874-77 mutambi weviolin weVienna court orchestra; akatora rutivi mumitambo namakonzati achitungamirirwa naI. Brahms, F. Liszt, J. Verdi, R. Wagner. Kubva 1878 akanga ari mutungamiriri wechipiri uye muimbi wekwaya, muna 1882-89 akanga ari mutungamiriri mukuru weimba yeopera muLeipzig.

Akatungamira maochestra makuru pasirese - Boston Symphony (1889-1893), Leipzig Gewandhaus (1895-1922; akaishandura kuita imwe yeakanakisa orchestra) uye panguva imwe chete iyo Berlin Philharmonic, yaakafamba nayo yakawanda. , kusanganisira kakawanda muSt. Petersburg neMoscow ( kokutanga muna 1899). Akanga ari mutungamiriri uye mutungamiriri mukuru weimba yeopera muBudapest (1893-95). Akatungamira iyo Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra (1897). Muna 1902-07 akanga ari mukuru wedhipatimendi rokudzidzisa uye kirasi inoitisa yeLeipzig Conservatory. Pakati pevadzidzi vake ndiKS Saradzhev naAB Hessin, avo vakazova makondakita anozivikanwa eSoviet. Muna 1905-06 akanga ari mutungamiriri weimba yeopera muLeipzig. Akafamba nemaokestra akawanda, kusanganisira London Symphony (1912) muWestern Europe, kuchamhembe. uye yuz. America.

Nikish ndomumwe wevatambi vakuru vekupedzisira kwe19th uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, muimbi akadzika uye akafemerwa, mumiriri ane mukurumbira wemaitiro erudo mumitambo yemitambo. Nekunze akadzivirirwa, nekufamba kwakadzikama kwepurasitiki, Nikish aive nehunhu hukuru, kugona kunoshamisa kukwezva orchestra nevateereri. Akawana mimvuri yakasarudzika yeruzha - kubva kune yakanakisa pianissimo kusvika kune rakakura simba refortissimo. Kuita kwake kwairatidzwa nerusununguko rukuru (tempo rubato) uye panguva imwe chete kuomarara, kukudzwa kwemaitiro, kunyatsopedzwa kwemashoko. Aive mumwe wevatenzi vekutanga kuitisa kubva mundangariro. Akaita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira basa raPI Tchaikovsky (kunyanya pedyo naye) kwete muWestern Europe uye USA chete, asiwo muRussia.

Pakati pemamwe mabasa akaitwa naNikish pane mabasa naA. Bruckner, G. Mahler, M. Reger, R. Strauss; akaita mabasa naR. Schumann, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, I. Brahms, naL. Beethoven, ane mimhanzi yaakadudzira nenzira yerudo (kurekodhwa kwe5th symphony yakachengetedzwa).

Munyori we cantata, orchestral works, tambo quartet, sonata ye violin uye piano.

Mwanakomana waNikish Mitya Nikish (1899-1936) - pianist, akatarisa maguta eSouth America (1921) uye New York (1923).

G. Ya. Yudin