Ongororo yebasa rinobva pamabhuku emimhanzi

Muchinyorwa chekupedzisira takataura nezvekuparadzanisa mitambo tisati tauya kuzoshanda mukirasi yehunyanzvi. Iyo link yechinhu ichi inowanikwa kumagumo eiyi post. Nhasi pfungwa dzedu dzichavawo pakuongorora chidimbu chemimhanzi, asi tichave tichigadzirira zvidzidzo zvemabhuku emimhanzi.

Kutanga, ngatitarisei mamwe mapoinzi akakosha, tozofunga nezve maficha ekuongorora mamwe marudzi emimhanzi - semuenzaniso, opera, symphony, kutenderera kwezwi, nezvimwe.

Saka, pese patinoongorora chidimbu chemimhanzi, tinofanirwa kugadzirira mhinduro kune angangoita mapoinzi anotevera:

• iyo chaiyo yakazara zita rebasa remimhanzi (pamwe pano: pane chirongwa muchimiro chezita kana tsananguro yezvinyorwa?);
• mazita evanyori vemimhanzi (panogona kunge paine munyori mumwe chete, kana kuti panogona kunge paine akati wandei kana kuumbwa kwakabatana);
• mazita evanyori vezvinyorwa (mu operas, vanhu vakawanda vanowanzoshanda pa libretto kamwechete, dzimwe nguva munyori pachake anogona kuva munyori wezvinyorwa);
• mumhando ipi yemimhanzi ibasa rakanyorwa (ndiyo opera kana ballet, kana symphony, kana chii?);
• nzvimbo yebasa iri pachiyero chebasa rose remunyori (munyori ane mamwe mabasa mumhando imwe chete here, uye basa riri kutaurwa rinodyidzana sei nemamwe aya - pamwe nderekuvandudza kana kuti ndiro guru rekugadzira?) ;
• ingave chinyorwa ichi chakavakirwa pane chero isiri yemimhanzi yekutanga sosi (somuenzaniso, yakanyorwa zvichibva pachirongwa chebhuku, nhetembo, pendi, kana kufemerwa nechero zviitiko zvenhoroondo, nezvimwewo);
• kuti zvikamu zvingani zviri mubasa uye kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinovakwa sei;
• kuita kuumbwa (kwaakanyorerwa zviridzwa kana manzwi - e orchestra, ensemble, solo clarinet, yezwi uye piano, nezvimwewo);
• mifananidzo mikuru yemimhanzi (kana vatambi, magamba) uye madingindira avo (mimhanzi, hongu).

 Zvino ngatiendei kune zvimiro zvine chekuita nekuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi emamwe marudzi. Kuti tisazviparadzira isu takaonda zvakanyanya, isu tichaisa pfungwa pazviitiko zviviri - opera uye symphony.

Zvimiro zvekuongorora opera

Opera ibasa remitambo, uye saka inoteerera zvakanyanya mitemo yemitambo yemitambo. Opera inenge inogara iine chirongwa, uye kanenge kadiki diki chiitiko chinoshamisa (dzimwe nguva chisiri chidiki, asi chakanyanya kunaka). Opera inorongwa semutambo umo mune vatambi; kuita pachayo kwakakamurwa kuita zviito, mapikicha nezviitiko.

Saka, hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga kana uchiongorora operatic kuumbwa:

1. kuwirirana pakati pe opera libretto uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa (kana pane imwe) - dzimwe nguva vanosiyana, uye zvakasimba zvakasimba, uye dzimwe nguva zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvinosanganiswa mu opera zvisingashanduki zvachose kana zvidimbu;
2. kupatsanurwa muzviito nemifananidzo (nhamba yezvose zviri zviviri), kuvapo kwezvikamu zvakadaro senge prologue kana epilogue;
3. chimiro chechiito chega chega - mafomu echinyakare echinyakare anotungamira (arias, duets, korasi, nezvimwewo), senhamba dzinotevera mumwe, kana zviito nezviitiko zvinomiririra magumo-kusvika-magumo mapikicha, ayo, mumusimboti, haagone kukamurwa kuita nhamba dzakasiyana. ;
4. mavara uye manzwi avo ekuimba - iwe unongoda kuziva izvi;
5. kuti mifananidzo yevatambi vakuru inoburitswa sei - kupi, muzviito zvipi nemifananidzo yavanotora uye zvavanoimba, maratidzirwo avanoitwa mumhanzi;
6. iyo inoshamisa hwaro hwe opera - kupi uye sei chirongwa chinotanga, ndeapi matanho ebudiriro, mune chii chiito uye kuti denouement inoitika sei;
7. Nhamba dzeorchestra dze opera - pane kuwedzeredza kana sumo, pamwe nekumbomira, intermezzos uye zvimwe orchestral zvezviridzwa zvepidi - ibasa ripi ravanoita (kazhinji iyi mifananidzo yemumhanzi inosuma chiitiko - semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yemimhanzi, a mufananidzo wezororo, musoja kana kufora kwemariro uye nezvimwe);
8. Ko korasi inoita basa rei mu opera (somuenzaniso, rinotaura nezvechiito here kana kuti rinongoratidzika senzira yekuratidza mararamiro ezuva nezuva, kana kuti vaimbi vekwaya vanotaura mitsara yavo inokosha inopesvedzera zvikuru mugumisiro wose wechiito. , kana kuti kwaya inongogara ichirumbidza chimwe chinhu, kana kuti mitambo yekwaya isingawanzoiti opera, zvichingodaro);
9. kana pane nhamba dzekutamba mu opera - mune zviito zvipi uye chii chikonzero chekuiswa kwe ballet mu opera;
10. Pane leitmotifs mu opera - chii uye chii chaanoita (rimwe gamba, chimwe chinhu, mamwe manzwiro kana mamiriro, chimwe chiitiko chechisikigo kana chimwewo chinhu?).

 Iyi haisi rondedzero yakakwana yezvinofanira kuwanikwa kuitira kuti kuongororwa kwebasa remimhanzi munyaya iyi kuve kwakakwana. Unowanepi mhinduro dzemibvunzo yose iyi? Chokutanga pane zvose, mu clavier ye opera, ndiko kuti, mune zvinyorwa zvayo zvemimhanzi. Chechipiri, iwe unogona kuverenga pfupiso pfupi ye opera libretto, uye, chechitatu, unogona kungodzidza zvakawanda mumabhuku - verenga mabhuku ezvinyorwa pamabhuku emimhanzi!

Zvimiro zvesymphony analysis

Mune dzimwe nzira, symphony iri nyore kunzwisisa kupfuura opera. Pano pane zvinhu zvishoma zvemimhanzi (iyo opera inotora maawa 2-3, uye symphony 20-50 maminitsi), uye hapana mavara ane leitmotifs akawanda, izvo zvauchiri kuedza kusiyanisa kubva kune mumwe. Asi kuongororwa kwesymphonic nziyo dzemimhanzi ichine maitiro ayo.

Kazhinji, symphony ine mafambiro mana. Pane zvingasarudzwa zviviri zvekutevedzana kwezvikamu mu symphonic cycle: zvinoenderana nemhando yekirasi uye zvinoenderana nerudzi rwerudo. Vanosiyana munzvimbo yechikamu chinononoka uye icho chinonzi genre chikamu (mu classical symphonies kune minuet kana scherzo, mune zverudo symphonies kune scherzo, dzimwe nguva waltz). Tarisa dhayagiramu:

Mafomu emimhanzi echimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi anoratidzwa mumabhuraketi padhayagiramu. Sezvo kuti uongorore zvizere basa remimhanzi unoda kuziva chimiro chayo, verenga nyaya inoti "Basic forms of musical works", ruzivo rwayo runofanira kukubatsira munyaya iyi.

Dzimwe nguva huwandu hwezvikamu hunogona kunge hwakasiyana (semuenzaniso, zvikamu zvishanu muBerlioz's "Fantastastic" Symphony, 5 zvikamu muScriabin's "Divine Poem", 3 zvikamu muSchubert's "Unfinished" Symphony, kune zvakare-imwe-yekufamba symphonies - semuenzaniso, Myaskovsky's 2st Symphony) . Izvi, zvechokwadi, zvisizvo zvisingaenzaniswi uye kuchinja kwenhamba yezvikamu mazviri kunokonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zveunyanzvi hwemuvambi (somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zvepurogiramu).

Chii chakakosha pakuongorora symphony:

1. sarudza rudzi rwe symphonic cycle (yekirasi, yerudo, kana chimwe chinhu chakasiyana);
2. sarudza iyo huru tonality ye symphony (yekutanga kufamba) uye tonality yeimwe neimwe kufamba zvakasiyana;
3. ratidza zvinyorwa zvekufananidzira uye zvemimhanzi zveimwe neimwe yehurukuro huru yebasa;
4. sarudza chimiro chechikamu chimwe nechimwe;
5. mu sonata fomu, tarisa tonality yezvikamu zvikuru uye zvechipiri mukutsanangurwa uye mukudzokorora, uye tarisa mutsauko mukunzwika kwezvikamu izvi muzvikamu zvakafanana (semuenzaniso, chikamu chikuru chinogona kuchinja chitarisiko chayo kupfuura kuzivikanwa ne nguva yekudzoka, kana kuti haigone kuchinja zvachose);
6. tsvaga uye ugone kuratidza hukama hwemusoro pakati pezvikamu, kana zviripo (pane madingindira anofamba kubva pane chimwe chikamu kuenda kune chimwe, anochinja sei?);
7. ongorora orchestration (iyo matinji ndiyo inotungamira - tambo, mapuranga kana zviridzwa zvendarira?);
8. sarudza basa rechikamu chimwe nechimwe mukukudziridzwa kwedenderedzwa rose (chikamu chipi chinonyanya kushamisa, chikamu chipi chinoratidzwa semashoko kana fungidziro, muzvikamu zvipi mune zvinotsausa kune mimwe misoro, imhedziso ipi inopfupikiswa pamagumo? );
9. kana basa racho riine mazwi emumhanzi, saka sarudza kuti ndeapi marudzi emakotesheni; etc.

 Zvechokwadi, urongwa uhwu hunogona kuenderera mberi nekusingaperi. Iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kutaura nezvebasa rine ruzivo rwakapusa, rwekutanga - riri nani pane hapana. Uye basa rinonyanya kukosha raunofanira kuzvigadzirira iwe pachako, zvisinei kuti uchaita ongororo yakadzama yechidimbu chemimhanzi kana kwete, kuzivana kwakananga nemimhanzi.

Mukupedzisa, sezvakavimbiswa, tinopa chinongedzo kune zvakapfuura zvinhu, kwatakataura nezve mashandiro ekuongorora. Ichi chinyorwa chinonzi "Ongororo yemabasa emimhanzi nehunyanzvi"