Alexey Arkadyevich Nasedkin (Aleksey Nasedkin) |

Alexey Nasedkin

Kubudirira kwakauya kuna Alexei Arkadyevich Nasedkin kare uye, zvaiita sokuti, aigona kutendeutsa musoro wake ... vamwe vaimbi vane mukurumbira. Muna 1958, pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, Nasedkin akaremekedzwa kutaura paWorld Exhibition muBrussels. “Yaiva konzati yakaitwa sorutivi rwemazuva etsika dzeSoviet,” anodaro. – Ndakaridza, ndinorangarira, Balanchivadze's Third Piano Concerto; Ndakaperekedzwa naNikolai Pavlovich Anosov. Yakanga iri iyo, muBrussels, kuti ini ndakanyatsoita debut yangu padanho guru. Vakataura kuti zvakanaka. ”…

• Mumhanzi wepiano muchitoro cheOzon online →

Kwapera gore, murume wechidiki akaenda kuVienna, kuWorld Youth Festival, uye akadzoka nemenduru yegoridhe. Aiwanzoita "rombo rakanaka" kutora chikamu mumakwikwi. "Ndakaita rombo rakanaka, nekuti ndakagadzirira zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe wavo, ndikashanda kwenguva yakareba uye nekurwadziwa pachiridzwa, izvi, zvechokwadi, zvakaita kuti ndiende kumberi. Mupfungwa yekugadzira, ndinofunga kuti makwikwi haana kundipa zvakanyanya ... "Nenzira imwe kana imwe, achiva mudzidzi kuMoscow Conservatory (akatanga kudzidza naGG Neuhaus, uye mushure mekufa kwake naLN Naumov), Nasedkin akaedza ruoko, uye zvakabudirira kwazvo, mune akati wandei mamwe makwikwi. Muna 1962 akazova mubairo weTchaikovsky Competition. Muna 1966 akapinda muvatatu vepamusoro pamakwikwi epasi rose muLeeds (Great Britain). Gore ra1967 rakava “rinobudirira” zvikuru kumibairo nokuda kwake. “Kwemwedzi nehafu, ndakatora chikamu mumakwikwi matatu panguva imwe chete. Yekutanga yaive Schubert Makwikwi muVienna. Kumutevera munzvimbo imwe chete, muguta guru reAustria, makwikwi ekuita kwakanyanya kwemimhanzi yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Pakupedzisira, makwikwi emukamuri akaungana muMunich, kwandakatamba nemuimbi Natalia Gutman.” Uye kwose kwose Nasedkin akatora nzvimbo yokutanga. Mukurumbira hauna kumuitira zvakaipa, sezvinoitika dzimwe nguva. Mibayiro nemenduru, zvichikura muhuwandu, hazvina kumupofumadza nekupenya kwavo, hazvina kumubvisa panzira yake yekusika.

Mudzidzisi waNasedkin, GG Neuhaus, akambocherechedza chimwe chimiro chemudzidzi wake - njere dzakasimukira. Kana kuti, sokutaura kwaakaita, “simba rinovaka rendangariro.” Zvinogona kuita sezvisinganzwisisike, asi izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakafadza akafuridzirwa rudo Neuhaus: muna 1962, panguva iyo kirasi yake yaimiririra boka renyeredzi rematarenda, akafunga kuti zvinogoneka kudaidza Nasedkin "akanakisa wevadzidzi vake" (Neigauz GG Reflections, ndangariro, diaries. S. 76.). Zvechokwadi, kubva pauduku hwake mukuridza piyano munhu aigona kunzwa kukura, kukoshesa, kunyatsofungisisa, izvo zvaipa kunakidza kunokosha mukugadzira mimhanzi yake. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti pakati pezvakabudirira zvikuru zveNasedkin muturikiri anowanzova zvikamu zvishoma zveSchubert's sonatas - muC minor (op. Posthumous), muD huru (Op. 53) nevamwe. Pano kuda kwake kune zvakadzama kufungisisa kwekusika, kumutambo we "concentrando", "pensieroso" inonyatsoratidzwa. Muimbi anosvika pakakwirira mumabasa eBrahms - mumakonti maviri epiyano, muRhapsody muE flat major (Op. 119), muA minor kana E flat minor intermezzo (Op. 118). Aiwanzova nerombo rakanaka muBeethoven's sonatas (yechishanu, yechitanhatu, yegumi nenomwe uye vamwe), mune zvinyorwa zvemamwe marudzi. Sezvinozivikanwa, vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vanofarira kutumidza vatambi vepiyano mazita mushure megamba rine mukurumbira reSchumann's Davidsbund - vamwe Florestan anokasira, mumwe anorota Euzebius. Hazviwanzoyeukwa kuti mumapoka eDavidsbündlers maiva neunhu hwakadaro saTenzi Raro - akadzikama, anonzwisisa, anoziva zvose, ane pfungwa dzakadzikama. Mune dzimwe dudziro dzeNasedkin, chisimbiso cheTenzi Raro dzimwe nguva chinoonekwa zvakajeka ...

Sehupenyu, saka mune zveunyanzvi, zvikanganiso zvevanhu dzimwe nguva zvinokura kubva pane zvavanoda. Mukati-kati, muhungwaru akaderedzwa munguva dzake dzakanakisisa, Nasedkin pane imwe nguva angaita seanonyanya kufunga: kungwara dzimwe nguva inokura kuva rationality, mutambo unotanga kushaya manyawi, hukasha, kushamwaridzana kwedariro, kufarira kwemukati. Nzira iri nyore, hongu, ingave yekufungidzira zvese izvi kubva kune hunhu hwemuimbi, hunhu hwake hwemunhu - izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinoitwa nevamwe vatsoropodzi. Ichokwadi kuti Nasedkin, sezvavanotaura, haana mweya wake wakazaruka. Pane, zvisinei, chimwe chinhu, icho zvakare chisingagone kufuratirwa kana zvasvika kune yakawandisa kuratidzwa kwechiyero muhunyanzvi hwake. Izvi ndizvo - ngazvisaite sezvinoshamisira - pop excitement. Zvingave zvehupenzi kufunga kuti masters eRaro haafariri kuita zvemimhanzi kupfuura Florestans naEusebios. Zvinongoratidzwa zvakasiyana. Kune vamwe, kutya uye kukwidziridzwa, kuburikidza nekutadza kwemutambo, kusarongeka kwehunyanzvi, kumhanyisa kusingaite kwekumhanya, kukanganisa kwendangariro. Vamwe, munguva dzekutambudzika kwedariro, vanobvisa zvakanyanya mukati mavo - saka, nehuchenjeri hwavo hwose uye tarenda, zvinoitika kuti vanhu vanozvidzora, vasina kunyanya kushamwaridzana nemasikirwo vanovhara pachavo munharaunda yakazara uye isina kujairika.

"Zvingava zvinosetsa kana ndikatanga kunyunyuta pamusoro pekunakidzwa kwepop," anodaro Nasedkin. Uye shure kwezvose, chii chinonakidza: kutsamwisa anenge munhu wose (ndiani achataura kuti havasi kunetseka?!), Zvinokanganisa munhu wose neimwe nzira nenzira inokosha, zvakasiyana nevamwe. Nekuti inozviratidza zvakanyanya mune izvo zvakanyanya kutambudzika kune muimbi, uye pano munhu wese ane yake. Semuenzaniso, zvinogona kundiomera kuti ndizvisunungure paruzhinji, kuzvimanikidza kutaura chokwadi ... "KS Stanislavsky akambowana chirevo chakakodzera:" mabhafa emweya ". "Mune dzimwe nguva dzakaoma mupfungwa kumutambi," akadaro mutungamiriri ane mukurumbira, "vanosundirwa mberi, vachizorora pachinangwa chekugadzira uye vasingaregi kuti iswedere pedyo" (Stanislavsky KS Hupenyu hwangu mune art. S. 149.). Izvi, kana iwe uchifunga nezvazvo, zvinonyanya kutsanangura izvo zvinonzi predominance yereshiyo muNasedkin.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, chimwe chinhu chinokwezva ngwariro. Pane imwe nguva, pakati pemakore makumi manomwe, piano akaridza akati wandei mabasa naBach pane imwe yemanheru ake. Akatamba zvinonwisa mvura: akakwezva vateereri, akamutungamirira; Mumhanzi waBach mukuita kwake wakaita fungidziro yakadzama uye ine simba. Zvichida manheru iwayo, vamwe vevateereri vakafunga: ko kana kusiri kungonakidzwa, tsinga, nyasha dzedariro rombo? Pamwe zvakare mune chokwadi chekuti mutambi wepiyano akadudzira ake munyori? Pakutanga zvakacherechedzwa kuti Nasedkin yakanaka mumhanzi waBeethoven, mukufunga kwaSchubert mutsindo, muBrahms's epic. Bach, nehuzivi hwake, hwakadzama hwemimhanzi inoratidzira, haasati ari padyo nemuimbi. Pano zviri nyore kwaari kuti awane toni chaiyo pachikuva: "zvisunungure mupfungwa, mutsamwise kuti ataure pachena ..."

Consonant nehunyanzvi hwemunhu weNasedkin zvakare ibasa raSchumann; usaratidze matambudziko mukuita maitiro emabasa aTchaikovsky. Sezvingatarisirwa uye zviri nyore kune muimbi muRachmaninov repertoire; anoridza munyori uyu zvakanyanya uye nekubudirira - zvinyorwa zvake zvepiyano (Vocalise, "Lilacs", "Daisies"), zvinotangira, zvose zvinyorwa zveetudes-paintings. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubva pakati pemakore makumi masere, Nasedkin akatanga kushingaira uye kunoramba kuripo nokuda kweScriabin: mutambo usingawanzoitiki wemupiyano mumwaka uchangopfuura wakaitika pasina mimhanzi yaScriabin ichiridzwa. Panyaya iyi, kutsoropodza kwakayemura kujeka kwake kunokwezva uye kuchena mukutapurirana kwaNasedkin, kuvhenekerwa kwake kwemukati uye - sezvazvinowanzoitika kune muimbi - kurongeka kunonzwisisika kwese.

Kutarisa pamusoro pechinyorwa chekubudirira kwaNasedkin semuturikiri, munhu haakwanisi kutadza kutumidza zvinhu zvakadai saLiszt's B minor sonata, Debussy's Suite Bergamas, Ravel's Play yemvura, Glazunov's First Sonata, uye Mussorgsky's Pictures paChiratidzo. Chekupedzisira, kuziva maitiro emupiyano (izvi hazvina kuoma kuita), zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti aizopinda munyika dzine ruzha padyo naye, akazvipira kuridza masutu nemafugues eHandel, mimhanzi yaFrank, Reger ...

Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune kududzirwa kwaNasedkin kwemabasa emazuva ano. Iyi ndiyo nharaunda yake, hazvina kuitika kuti akakunda panguva yemakwikwi "Mimhanzi yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX". Nzvimbo yake - uye nekuti inyanzvi yekuda kuziva zvine hupenyu, zvinosvika kure zvehunyanzvi - inyanzvi inoda hunyanzvi, inoinzwisisa; uye nokuti, pakupedzisira, kuti iye pachake anofarira kunyora.

Kazhinji, kunyora kunopa Nasedkin zvakawanda. Chokutanga pane zvose - mukana wekutarisa mimhanzi "kubva mukati", kuburikidza nemeso eiye anoisika. Zvinomutendera kuti apinde mukati mezvakavanzika zvekuumba, kurongeka zvinonzwika - ndosaka, pamwe, yake. kuita pfungwa nguva dzose saka zvakajeka kurongwa, kuenzanisa, mukati akarayira. GG Neuhaus, uyo munzira dzose akakurudzira kukwezva kwemudzidzi wake pakusika, akanyora kuti: chete muiti” (Neigauz GG Reflections, ndangariro, diaries. S. 121.). Zvisinei, kunze kwekutarisa mu "mimhanzi yehupfumi", kuumbwa kunopa Nasedkin imwezve pfuma: kukwanisa kufunga mune unyanzvi. ano zvikamu.

Repertoire yepiyano inosanganisira mabasa naRichard Strauss, Stravinsky, Britten, Berg, Prokofiev, Shostakovich. Iye, zvakare, anosimudzira mimhanzi yevanyori vaakagara navo mukudyidzana kwenguva refu yekusika - Rakov (aive mutambi wekutanga weSecond Sonata), Ovchinnikov ("Metamorphoses"), Tishchenko, nevamwe. Uye zvisinei kuti ndeupi wevaimbi vemazuva ano Nasedkin muturikiri anotendeukira kwaari, pasinei nematambudziko aanosangana nawo - anovaka kana unyanzvi hwekufungidzira - anogara achipinda mukati meiyo chaiyo yemimhanzi: "kunheyo, kumidzi, kusvika pakati; ” mumashoko akakurumbira B. Pasternak. Munzira dzakawanda - nekuda kweunyanzvi hwake uye hwakagadziridzwa zvikuru hwekuumba.

Haana kunyora nenzira imwecheteyo sekuti, Arthur Schnabel akanyora - akazvinyorera oga, achivanza mitambo yake kubva kune vekunze. Nasedkin anounza mimhanzi yaakagadzira padanho, kunyangwe zvisingaite. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vanoziva mamwe epiyano yake uye chamber chiridzwa mabasa. Vaigara vachisangana nekufarira uye tsitsi. Aizonyora zvakawanda, asi hapana nguva yakakwana. Zvechokwadi, kunze kwezvimwe zvose, Nasedkin zvakare mudzidzisi - ane kirasi yake paMoscow Conservatory.

Basa rekudzidzisa reNasedkin rine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Haakwanisi kutaura zvisina tsarukano, sezvinoita vamwe: “Hongu, kudzidzisa chinhu chinokosha kwandiri…”; kana kuti, zvakasiyana: “Asi unoziva, handimudi…” Iye inoda kwaari, kana achifarira mudzidzi, kana ane tarenda uye iwe unogona chaizvo kuisa mari maari pasina tsvakiridzo simba rako rose remweya. Zvikasadaro ... Nasedkin anotenda kuti kutaurirana nemudzidzi wepakati hakuna kukuvadza sekufunga kunoita vamwe. Uyezve, kukurukurirana ndekwezuva nezuva uye kwenguva refu. Mediocrity, vadzidzi vepakati pevarimi vane pfuma imwe inonyengera: ivo neimwe nzira vasinganzwisisike uye chinyararire kune izvo zviri kuitwa navo, vachivamanikidza kuti vawirirane nezvakajairwa uye zvemazuva ese, kuti vazvitore sezviri ...

Asi kubata netarenda mukirasi haisi kungofadza chete, asiwo kunobatsira. Unogona, dzimwe nguva, kudongorera chimwe chinhu, kuchitora, kana kudzidza chimwe chinhu… Semuenzaniso unosimbisa pfungwa yake, Nasedkin anowanzo reva zvidzidzo naV. Ovchinnikov – zvichida mudzidzi akanakisisa wevadzidzi vake, menduru yesirivha yemakwikwi eVII anonzi Tchaikovsky, akahwina. yemubairo wekutanga paLeeds Competition (Kubva muna 1987, V. Ovchinnikov, semubatsiri, ave achibatsira Nasedkin mubasa rake panzvimbo yekuchengetedza. - G. Ts.). "Ndinoyeuka pandakadzidza naVolodya Ovchinnikov, ndaiwanzowana chimwe chinhu chinonakidza uye chinondidzidzisa ..."

Zvingangodaro, nzira yazvaive, mudzidziso - chaiyo, huru pedagogy - izvi hazvishamisi. Asi hezvino izvo Ovchinnikov, akasangana mumakore ake mudzidzi naNasedkin, akadzidza zvakawanda pachake, akatora semuenzaniso, hapana mubvunzo. Izvi zvinonzwikwa nemutambo wake - akangwara, akakomba, akatendeseka nehunyanzvi - uye kunyangwe nematarisiro aanoita pachikuva - zvine mwero, nekuzvidzora, neruremekedzo uye nyore. Mumwe anofanira kunzwa dzimwe nguva kuti Ovchinnikov pachikuva dzimwe nguva anoshaya zvisingatarisirwi nzwisiso, kupisa kuda ... Zvichida. Asi hapana akambomushora kuti, vanoti, ari kuedza kuvharidzira chero chinhu mukuita kwake nezvinobuda kunze uye rwiyo. Muunyanzvi hwemuimbi wepiyano mudiki - sehunyanzvi hwemudzidzisi wake - hapana manyepo kana manyepo, kwete mumvuri. nhema dzemimhanzi.

Pamusoro paOvchinnikov, vamwe vane zvipo vechidiki vanoridza piyano, vakahwina mumakwikwi epasi rose, vakadzidza naNasedkin, akadai saValery Pyasetsky (mubairo weIII paBach Competition, 1984) kana Niger Akhmedov (mubairo weVI pamakwikwi muSantander, Spain, 1984) .

MuNasedkin's pedagogy, uyewo mumakonti uye maitiro ekuita, nzvimbo yake yekunaka mune unyanzvi, maonero ake pamusoro pekududzirwa kwemimhanzi anoratidzwa zvakajeka. Chaizvoizvo, pasina chimiro chakadaro, kudzidzisa pachakwo kwaisazova nedonzo nerevo kwaari. “Handifariri kana chimwe chinhu chakagadzirwa, chakanyatsogadzirwa chichitanga kunzwika mukuridza kwemuimbi,” anodaro. “Uye vadzidzi vanowanzotadza neizvi. Vanoda kutaridzika "zvinonakidza" ...

Ndine chokwadi chekuti kusarudzika kwehunyanzvi hakusi kwekutamba zvakasiyana nevamwe. Pakupedzisira, uyo anoziva kuva pachikuva munhu oga. iwe pachako; - ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru. Ndiani anoita mimhanzi maererano nemafungiro ake ekukurumidza ekugadzira - semukati wake "Ini" anoudza munhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, chokwadi chakawanda uye kutendeseka mumutambo, zviri nani kuve kwega kunoonekwa.

Pamutemo, ini handizvifarire zvakanyanya kana muimbi anoita kuti vateereri vazvitarise kwaari: pano, vanoti, zvandiri ... ndichataura zvimwe. Hazvina mhosva kuti inonakidza sei uye yepakutanga zano rekuita pacharo ringave ringave ringave, asi kana ini - semuteereri - ndazviona pakutanga, zano, kana ndikanzwa pekutanga pane zvese. kududzira saizvozvo., ndizvo, mumaonero angu, hazvina kunyatsonaka. Mumwe anofanirwa kuona mimhanzi muhoro yekonzati, uye kwete kuti "inoshumirwa" sei nemuimbi, kuti anoidudzira sei. Pavanoyemura pedyo neni: "O, idudziro yakadini!", Ndinogara ndichiifarira zvishoma pane pandinonzwa: "O, mimhanzi ipi!". Handizivi kuti ndakakwanisa sei kutaura maonero angu zvakarurama. Ndinovimba zviri pachena.”

Nasedkin anorarama nhasi, sezuro, hupenyu hwakaoma uye hwakasimba hwemukati. (Muna 1988, akasiya Conservatory, achitarisa zvachose nezvekugadzira uye kuita zviitiko.). Akanga agara achida bhuku racho; iye zvino, zvichida, anotonyanya kukosha kwaari kupfuura mumakore apfuura. “Ndinofunga kuti semuimbi, kuverenga kunondipa zvakawanda, kana kupfuura, kupfuura kuenda kumakonzati kana kuteerera marekodhi. Nditende, handisi kuwedzeredza. Chokwadi ndechokuti manheru epiyano akawanda, kana kuti marekodhi egiramufoni mamwe chete, anondisiya, kutaura chokwadi, ndakadzikama zvachose. Dzimwe nguva kungosava nehanya. Asi nebhuku, bhuku rakanaka, izvi hazviitiki. Kuverenga haisi "chido" kwandiri; uye kwete chete mutambo unofadza. Ichi chikamu chakakosha chebasa rangu reunyanzvi.. Hongu, uye sei zvimwe? Kana iwe ukaswedera kuridza piyano kwete se "kumhanya kwemunwe", ipapo ngano, senge humwe hunyanzvi, inova chinhu chakakosha pabasa rekugadzira. Mabhuku anofadza mweya, anokuita kuti utarise kumativi ose, kana, pane zvinopesana, tarisa zvakadzama mukati mako; dzimwe nguva vanopa pfungwa, ndingati, yakakosha kune wese munhu ari kuita zvekusika ... "

Nasedkin anofarira kutaura pane dzimwe nguva kuti chii chakasimba fungidziro ye "Kusunungurwa kwaTolstoy" naIA Bunin yakaitwa paari pane imwe nguva. Uye kuti bhuku iri rakamupfumisa zvakadii, munhu uye muimbi - ideological uye semantic ruzha, hunyengeri hwepfungwa uye kutaura kwakasiyana. Nenzira, anowanzoda memoir mabhuku, pamwe chete nepamusoro-soro wenhau, kutsoropodza unyanzvi.

B. Shaw akavimbisa kuti chido chepfungwa - chakanyanya kugadzikana uye chenguva refu pakati pevamwe nevamwe - hachirevi simba nekufamba kwemakore, asi, pane zvinopesana, dzimwe nguva dzinova dzakasimba uye dzakadzika ... Kune vanhu avo, zvose marongerwo epfungwa dzavo nezviito, nemararamiro, nezvimwe zvakawanda, zvakawanda zvinosimbisa uye zvinoenzanisira zvakataurwa naB. Shaw; Nasedkin pasina mubvunzo mumwe wavo.

… Kuda kuziva kubata. Neimwe nzira, kare kare, Alexey Arkadievich akaratidza kusava nechokwadi muhurukuro kana aive nekodzero yekuzviona semutambi wekonti. Mumuromo memurume anga achishanyirwa munharaunda dzinenge dzose dzepasi, ane chiremera chakasimba pakati penyanzvi nevoruzhinji, izvi zvainzwika sechienzi pakutanga. Zvinenge paradoxical. Uye zvakadaro, Nasedkin, sezviri pachena, aive nechikonzero chekubvunza izwi rekuti "mutambi wekonti", achitsanangura chimiro chake mune art. Zvingave zvakarurama kutaura kuti iye Muimbi. Uye chaizvo capitalized...

G. Tsypin, 1990