State Academic Chapel of St. Petersburg (Saint Petersburg Court Capella) |

Saint Petersburg Court Capella

The State Academic Chapel yeSt. Petersburg isangano rekonzati muSt. Iine imba yayo yemakonzati.

St. Petersburg Singing Chapel ndiyo yekare yekuRussia nyanzvi kwaya. Yakavambwa muna 1479 muMoscow sekwaya yechirume yevanodanwa. changamire kwaya madhikoni kutora chikamu mumasevhisi eAssumption Cathedral uye mu "mafaro enyika" edare rehumambo. Muna 1701 akarongwazve mukwaya yedare (varume nevakomana), muna 1703 akachinjirwa kuSt. Muna 1717 akafamba naPeter I kuPoland, Germany, Holland, France, kwaakatanga kusuma kuimba kwekwaya yeRussia kuvateereri vokune dzimwe nyika.

Muna 1763 kwaya yakatumidzwa zita rekuti Imperial Court Singing Chapel (100 vanhu mukwaya). Kubvira muna 1742, vaimbi vakawanda vave vari nhengo dzenguva dzose dzekwaya mumitambo yeItaly, uye kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi18. zvakare vaimbi vezvikamu zvega mumitambo yekutanga yeRussia munhandare yedare. Kubva 1774, kwaya yave ichipa makonzati paSt. Petersburg Music Club, muna 1802-50 inotora chikamu mumakonzati ese eSt. kekutanga, uye vamwe munyika, kusanganisira Beethoven's Solemn Mass, 1824). Muna 1850-82, basa rekonzati reimba yokunamata rakaitwa zvikurukuru muhoro yeConcert Society paimba yokunamata.

Kuve musimboti wetsika yekwaya yeRussia, chapel haina kukonzeresa chete kuumbwa kwetsika dzekwaya muRussia, asiwo maitiro ekunyora kwekwaya pasina kuperekedza (cappella). Vaimbi vane mukurumbira vekuRussia nevekuMadokero vemazuva ano (VV Stasov, AN Serov, A. Adan, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Schumann, nezvimwewo) vakacherekedza kuwirirana, ensemble yakasarudzika, hunyanzvi hwekuita, hunhu husingaverengeki hwakanyanya kunaka kwekurira kwekwaya. uye manzwi anoshamisa (kunyanya bass octavists).

Iyo chapel yaitungamirwa nevatambi vemimhanzi uye vanyori: MP Poltoratsky (1763-1795), DS Bortnyansky (1796-1825), FP Lvov (1825-36), AF Lvov (1837-61), NI Bakhmetev (1861-83), MA Balakirev (1883-94), AS Arensky (1895-1901), SV Smolensky (1901-03) nevamwe. aiva MI Glinka.

Kubva 1816, vatungamiri vechechi vakapiwa kodzero yekudhinda, kugadzirisa, uye kubvumidza kuita mabasa matsvene ekwaya evanyori vekuRussia. Muna 1846-1917, chapel yaive nenyika yakazara-nguva uye yenguva-yekuita (regency) makirasi, uye kubva muna 1858 makirasi ezviridzwa akavhurwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dze orchestral, dzakagadzirira (maererano nezvirongwa zve Conservatory) soloists uye maartist eiyo. orchestra yemhando yepamusoro-soro.

Makirasi akasvika pakukura kwakakosha pasi peNA Rimsky-Korsakov (mubatsiri maneja muna 1883-94), uyo muna 1885 akagadzira symphony orchestra kubva kuvadzidzi vechapel, vachiita pasi pebaton yevanotungamira conductor. Vadzidzisi vemakirasi ekwaya dzezviridzwa vaiva vaimbi vane mukurumbira, vaimbi, uye vaimbi vairidza.

Muna 1905-17, zviitiko zvechapel zvaingogumira kuchechi uye zviitiko zvechitendero. Mushure meChimurenga chaGumiguru cha1917, repertoire yekwaya yaisanganisira yakanakisa mienzaniso yepasirose kwaya classics, mabasa nevanyori veSoviet, uye nziyo dzechivanhu. Muna 1918, chapel yakashandurwa kuita People's Choir Academy, kubva 1922 - State Academic Chapel (kubvira 1954 - yakatumidzwa zita reMI Glinka). Muna 1920, kwaya yakazadzwazve nemanzwi echikadzi uye yakasanganiswa.

Muna 1922, chikoro chemakwaya uye chikoro chemazuva ose choral technical chakarongwa pachapel (sezvo 1925, chikoro chemanheru chevakuru chakarongwawo). Muna 1945, pahwaro hwechikoro chekwaya, Chikoro Choir chakavambwa pakwaya (kubvira 1954 - yakatumidzwa zita reMI Glinka). Muna 1955 Chikoro Choral chakava sangano rakazvimirira.

Chikwata chechapel chinoita basa guru rekonzati. Repertoire yake inosanganisira makwaya echinyakare uye emazuva ano asingafambidzani, zvirongwa kubva mumabasa evanyori vekumba, nziyo dzevanhu (Russian, Ukrainian, nezvimwewo), pamwe chete nemabasa makuru emhando yecantata-oratorio, mazhinji ayo akaitwa nechapel muchechi. USSR kekutanga. Pakati pavo: "Alexander Nevsky", "Guardian of the World", "Toast" naProkofiev; "Rwiyo RweMasango", "Zuva Rinopenya Pamusoro Penyika Yedu" naShostakovich; "Pamunda weKulikovo", "Nhoroondo yeHondo yeNyika yeRussia" naShaporin, "Vane Gumi neVaviri" naSalmanov, "Virineya" naSlonimsky, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" naPrigogine nemamwe mabasa akawanda eSoviet uye. vanyori vekune dzimwe nyika.

Mushure me1917, chapel yakatungamirirwa nevakakurumbira veSoviet kwaya conductors: MG Klimov (1917-35), HM Danilin (1936-37), AV Sveshnikov (1937-41), GA Dmitrevsky (1943-53), AI Anisimov (1955- 65), FM Kozlov (1967-72), kubvira 1974 - VA Chernushenko. Muna 1928 chechi yakashanyira Latvia, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, uye muna 1952 GDR.

References: Muzalevsky VI, The oldest Russian choir. (1713-1938), L.-M., 1938; (Gusin I., Tkachev D.), State Academic Chapel inonzi MI Glinka, L., 1957; Academic Chapel yakatumidzwa zita raMI Glinka, mubhuku: Musical Leningrad, L., 1958; Lokshin D., Kwaya dzeRussia dzinoshamisa nevaitisi vadzo, M., 1963; Kazachkov S., Zvitaera zviviri - tsika mbiri, "SM", 1971, Nha 2.

DV Tkachev