Pablo Casals |

Pablo Casals

Spanish cellist, conductor, muimbi, mimhanzi uye yeruzhinji chimiro. Mwanakomana weoganist. Akadzidza cello naX. Garcia paBarcelona Conservatory uye naT. Breton naX. Monasterio paMadrid Conservatory (kubvira 1891). Akatanga kupa makonzati muna 1890s muBarcelona, ​​​​kwaakadzidzisawo panzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Muna 1899 akaita debut yake muParis. Kubva 1901 akafamba munyika dzakawanda dzepasi. Muna 1905-13, aiimba gore negore muRussia semuimbi ari oga uye mumusangano naSV Rakhmaninov, AI Ziloti, uye AB Goldenweiser.

Vazhinji vanyori vakatsaurira mabasa avo kuCasals, kusanganisira AK Glazunov - konzati-ballad, MP Gnesin - sonata-ballad, AA Kerin - nhetembo. Kusvikira achembera zvikuru, Casals haana kurega kuita seanoimba ari oga, conductor, uye ensemble player (kubvira 1905 akanga ari nhengo yevatatu vanozivikanwa zvikuru: A. Cortot - J. Thibaut - Casals).

Casals ndomumwe wevaimbi vakatanhamara vezana ramakore rechi20. Munhoroondo ye cello art, zita rake rinoratidza nguva nyowani ine chekuita nekupenya kwakajeka kwekuita kwehunyanzvi, kuburitswa pachena kwezvakapfuma zvinogoneka zve cello, uye ennoblement yerepertoire yayo. Kutamba kwake kwaisiyaniswa nekudzika nekupfuma, pfungwa yakagadziridzwa yemanyorero, zvirevo zvehunyanzvi, uye musanganiswa wemanzwiro uye kufunga. Yakanaka manzwi echisikigo uye nzira yakakwana yakashumirwa kujeka uye kwechokwadi embodiment yezviri mumhanzi.

Casals akazonyanya mukurumbira nekuda kwekududzira kwake kwakadzama uye kwakakwana kwemabasa aJS Bach, pamwe nekuita kwemimhanzi yaL. Beethoven, R. Schumann, J. Brahms naA. Dvorak. Hunyanzvi hweCasals uye maonero ake ehunyanzvi anofambira mberi aive nemhedzisiro yakakura pamimhanzi uye kuita tsika yezana ramakore rechi20.

Kwemakore akawanda aiita mabasa ekudzidzisa: aidzidzisa paBarcelona Conservatory (pakati pevadzidzi vake - G. Casado), paEcole Normal muParis, mushure me1945 - pazvidzidzo zvepamusoro muSwitzerland, France, USA, nezvimwewo.

Casals mutambi anoshanda mumhanzi uye weruzhinji: akaronga yekutanga symphony orchestra muBarcelona (1920), iyo yaakaita nayo sekondakita (kusvika 1936), Working Musical Society (yakaitungamira muna 1924-36), chikoro chemimhanzi, magazini yemimhanzi uye makonzati eSvondo evashandi, izvo zvakabatsira padzidzo yemimhanzi yeCatalonia.

Aya matanho edzidzo akarega kuvapo mushure mekumukira kwefascist muSpain (1936). A patriot uye anti-fascist, Casals nekushingaira akabatsira maRepublicans munguva yehondo. Mushure mekudonha kweSpanish Republic (1939) akatama ndokunogara kumaodzanyemba kweFrance, muPrades. Kubva 1956 aigara muSan Juan (Puerto Rico), kwaakagadzira symphony orchestra (1959) uye Conservatory (1960).

Casals akatora danho rekuronga mitambo muPrada (1950-66; pakati pevakurukuri pakanga paine DF Oistrakh nevamwe vaimbi veSoviet) uye San Juan (kubvira 1957). Kubva 1957 makwikwi akatumidzwa zita reCasals (yekutanga muParis) uye "mukukudza Casals" (muBudapest) akaitwa.

Casals akazviratidza semurwi anoshingaira werunyararo. Ndiye munyori we oratorio El pesebre (1943, 1st performance 1960), iyo pfungwa huru iyo inoiswa mumashoko ekupedzisira: "Rugare kuvanhu vese vane chido chakanaka!" Akumbirwa noMunyori Mukuru weUN, U Thant, Casals akanyora “Hymn to Peace” (basa rine chikamu 3), iro rakaitwa pasi penhungamiro yake pakonzati ye<em>gala paUN muna 1971. Akapiwa Menduru Yorugare yeUN. . Akanyorawo akati wandei esymphonic, choral uye chamber-instrumental mabasa, zvidimbu zve cello solo uye cello ensemble. Akaramba achitamba, kuitisa uye kudzidzisa kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwake.

References: Borisyak A., Essays pachikoro chePablo Casals, M., 1929; Ginzburg L., Pablo Casals, M., 1958, 1966; Corredor JM, Hurukuro naPablo Casals. Enter. chinyorwa nezvakataurwa naLS Ginzburg, trans. kubva kuFrench, L., 1960.

LS Ginzburg