Josef Krips |

Joseph Krips

“Ndakazvarirwa kuVienna, ndakakurira ikoko, uye ndinogara ndichikwezvwa neguta rino, umo mimhanzi yenyika inondirova,” anodaro Josef Krips. Uye mazwi aya haangotsananguri chete chokwadi chehupenyu hwake, anoshanda sekiyi kumufananidzo weunyanzvi wemuimbi ane mukurumbira. Krips ane kodzero yekutaura kuti: “Kwese kwandinoridza, vanotanga kundiona semutyairi wemuViennese, anofananidzira kugadzira mimhanzi yeViennese. Uye izvi zvinonyanya kufarirwa uye kudiwa kwese kwese. "

Vateereri vangangoita nyika dzese dzeEurope neAmerica, avo vakambosangana nehunyanzvi hwake hwemvura, hunofara, hunoyevedza, vanoziva Krips sekorona yechokwadi, yakadhakwa nemimhanzi, inofarira uye inokwezva vateereri. Krips ndiye wekutanga wemuimbi uye chete ipapo conductor. Kutaurisa kunogara kwakakosha kwaari pane kurongeka, fungidziro yakakwira pane yakasimba logic. Hakushamisi kuti ane tsananguro inotevera: “Kunonyorwa uye nenzira yakarurama nomuitisi wechikamu chechina zvinoreva kufa kwenziyo dzose.”

Nyanzvi yemimhanzi yokuAustria A. Viteshnik inopa mufananidzo unotevera womuitisi: “Josef Krips kondakita akazvipira noutsinye kuita mimhanzi. Iri iboka resimba, iro nguva dzose uye nechishuvo chose chinoridza mimhanzi nezvose zvayo; uyo anouya kubasa asina rudo kana maitiro, asi asina kufunga, zvine hungwaru, aine mutambo unobata. Asingade kutarisisa kwenguva refu, asingaremerwe nematambudziko ezvitaera, asinganetseki netwudiki-diki kana manuances, asi achigara achivavarira zvese, anotanga kufambisa manzwiro emimhanzi. Kwete nyeredzi yekunyaradza, kwete conductor kune vateereri. Chero "tailcoat coquetry" haazivikanwe kwaari. Haambofi akaruramisa chitarisiko chechiso chake kana kuti masaini pamberi pegirazi. Nzira yemimhanzi inoratidzwa zvakajeka pachiso chake zvokuti pfungwa dzose dzemagungano dzinobviswa. Nokuzvipira, nechisimba chechisimba, chine hukasha, chakapamhama uye chinotsvaira, nehunhu husingadzivisiki, anotungamira orchestra kuburikidza nemabasa aari kuona nemuenzaniso wake. Kwete muimbi uye kwete mumhanzi anatomist, asi arch-muimbi anotapukira nekurudziro yake. Paanosimudza tsvimbo yake, chero chinhambwe chiri pakati pake nemunyori wacho chinonyangarika. Krips haisimuke pamusoro pechibodzwa - inopinda mukati mayo pakadzika. Anoimba nevaimbi, anoridza mimhanzi nevaimbi, asi ane kudzora kwakakwana pakuridza kwacho.”

Mamiriro eKrips sekondakita ari kure nekuve asina makore sehunyanzvi hwake. Kutanga kwake kwaifadza - achiri mukomana akaratidza tarenda remumhanzi kare, kubva pazera remakore matanhatu akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi, kubva kune gumi akaimba mukwaya yechechi, pamakore gumi nemana aive shasha pakuridza violin, viola, uye piano. Zvadaro akadzidza paVienna Academy of Music pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevadzidzisi vakadai saE. Mandishevsky naF. Weingartner; mushure mekushanda kwemakore maviri semuimbi weviolinist mune imwe orchestra, akazova muimbi weVienna State Opera uye pazera remakore gumi nemapfumbamwe akamira panzvimbo yayo kuti atungamirire Verdi's Un ballo mumaschera.

Krips aikurumidza kuenda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemukurumbira: akatungamira dzimba dzeopera muDortmund neKarlsruhe uye atova muna 1933 akava kondakita wekutanga paVienna State Opera uye akagamuchira kirasi paari alma mater, Academy of Music. Asi panguva iyoyo, Austria yakanga yakagarwa nevaNazi, uye muimbi ane pfungwa dzinofambira mberi akamanikidzwa kusiya chinzvimbo chake. Akatamira kuBelgrade, asi nokukurumidza ruoko rweHitlerism rwakamubata pano. Krips akarambidzwa kuitisa. Kwemakore manomwe akareba akatanga kushanda semabharani ndokuzoshanda somuchengeti wechitoro. Zvairatidza kuti zvose zvakanga zvapera nokuitisa. Asi Krips haana kukanganwa basa rake, uye Viennese haana kukanganwa muimbi wavo anodiwa.

Musi waApril 10, 1945, mauto eSoviet akasunungura Vienna. Mapopoma ehondo asati apera muvhu reAustria, Krips akanga avazve panzvimbo yakondakita. Musi waChivabvu 1, anoitisa mutambo wakadzikama weMuchato weFigaro paVolksoper, achitungamirwa naMusikverein makonti anotangwazve munaGunyana 16, Vienna State Opera inotanga basa rayo muna Gumiguru 6 nekuita kwaFidelio, uye muna Gumiguru 14. mwaka wekonzati unovhura kuVienna Philharmonic! Mumakore aya, Krips anonzi "ngirozi yakanaka yehupenyu hwemimhanzi yeViennese".

Nokukurumidza Josef Krips akashanyira Moscow neLeningrad. Akawanda emakonzati ake airatidza mabasa naBeethoven naTchaikovsky, Bruckner naShostakovich, Schubert naKhachaturian, Wagner naMozart; muimbi akazvipira manheru ese kuita maStrauss waltzes. Kubudirira muMoscow kwakaratidza kutanga kwemukurumbira wenyika yose waCrips. Akakokwa kuzoita kuUSA. Asi nyanzvi yacho payakabhururuka pamusoro pegungwa, akasungwa nevakuru vezvekubuda kwevanhu munyika uye akaiswa pachitsuwa cheEllis Island. Mazuva maviri gare gare, akapiwa kudzokera kuEurope: vakanga vasingadi kupa vhiza yekupinda kune yakakurumbira muimbi, akanga achangobva kushanyira USSR. Mukupikisa kusapindira kwehurumende yeAustria, Krips haana kudzokera kuVienna, asi akaramba ari muEngland. Kwenguva yakati akatungamirira London Symphony Orchestra. Gare gare, kondakita akawana mukana wokuita muU.SA, kwaakagamuchirwa noushamwari nevoruzhinji. Mumakore achangopfuura, Krips akatungamira orchestra muBuffalo neSan Francisco. Conductor aigara achitenderera kuEurope, achigara achiitisa makonti uye mitambo yeOpera muVienna.

Krips anoonekwa semumwe wevaturikiri veMozart. Matambiro ake muVienna emitambo inonzi Don Giovanni, The Abduction from the Seraglio, The Marriage of Figaro, uye marekodhi ake emitambo yaMozart nemasymphonies anotipwisa nezvekururama kwemaonero aya. Hapana nzvimbo isinganyanyi kukosha mune yake repertoire yakagarwa naBruckner, akati wandei masymphonies aakaita kekutanga kunze kweAustria. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, repertoire yake yakakura kwazvo uye yakafukidza eras dzakasiyana-siyana uye masitayera - kubva kuBach kusvika kune vanyori vemazuva ano.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969