Hermann Abendroth |

Herman Abendroth

Nzira yekugadzira yaHerman Abendroth yakapfuura zvikuru pamberi pemeso evateereri veSoviet. Akatanga kuuya kuU.SR muna 1925. Panguva ino, muimbi ane makore makumi mana nemaviri akanga atokwanisa kutora nzvimbo yakasimba muboka revatungamiri veEurope, iyo yakanga yakapfuma zvikuru mumazita anobwinya. Kumashure kwake kwaiva nechikoro chakanakisisa (akarererwa muMunich achitungamirirwa naF. Motl) uye ane ruzivo rwakakura somuperekedzi. Nechekare muna 1903, wechidiki kondakita akatungamirira Munich "Orchestral Society", uye makore maviri gare gare akava kondakita Opera uye Concerts muna Lübeck. Akabva ashanda muEssen, Cologne, uye mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, atova purofesa, akatungamirira Cologne School of Music uye akatanga mabasa ekudzidzisa. Nzendo dzake dzakaitwa muFrance, Italy, Denmark, Netherlands; akauya munyika yedu katatu. Mumwe wevatsoropodzi veSoviet akati: “Muitisi akawana tsitsi dzakasimba kubva pamutambo wokutanga. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mumunhu waAbendroth takasangana neane hunyanzvi hunhu ... Abendroth anoyemurika senyanzvi yehunyanzvi uye muimbi ane chipo chakanyanya akatora tsika dzakanakisa dzechiGerman mimhanzi tsika. Tsitsi idzi dzakasimbiswa mushure memakonzati akawanda umo muiti wacho akaita rwiyo rwakakura uye rwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mabasa nevanyori vaaida zvikuru - Handel, Beethoven, Schubert, Bruckner, Wagner, Liszt, Reger, R. Strauss; kuita kwaTchaikovsky's Fifth Symphony kwakagamuchirwa noushamwari.

Nokudaro, kare mumakore ekuma20, vateereri veSoviet vakakoshesa tarenda uye unyanzvi hwemuitisi. I. Sollertinsky akanyora, kuti: “Mukukwanisa kwaAbendroth kuhwina orchestra hapana chinhu chokumisikidza, kuzvigadzira nemaune kana kuti kugwinha-gwinha. Nezviwanikwa zvakakura zvehunyanzvi, haatomboda kutamba nekunaka kweruoko rwake kana kagunwe kadiki akasiya. Nehasha uye yakafara gesture, Abendroth anokwanisa kuburitsa gigantic sonority kubva kune orchestra pasina kurasikirwa nekunze kudzikama. Musangano mutsva naAbendroth wakaitika mumakore makumi mashanu. Kune vakawanda, iyi ndiyo yaiva yekutanga kuzivana, nokuti vateereri vakakura uye vakachinja. Hunyanzvi hwemunyori hauna kumira. Panguva ino, shasha yakachenjera muhupenyu uye ruzivo yakaonekwa pamberi pedu. Izvi zvinongoitika: kwemakore mazhinji Abendrot akashanda neakanakisa emuGerman ensembles, akatungamira opera nemakonzati muWeimar, panguva imwecheteyo aivewo mutungamiriri mukuru weBerlin Radio Orchestra uye akatenderera nyika zhinji. Achitaura muUSSR muna 1951 uye 1954, Abendroth akakwezva zvakare vateereri nekuratidza zvakanakisisa zvetarenda rake. “Chiitiko chinofadza muupenyu hwemimhanzi yeguta redu guru,” akanyora kudaro D. Shostakovich, “kwakanga kuri kuimbwa kwenziyo dzose pfumbamwe dzaBeethoven, Coriolanus Overture neThird Piano Concerto pasi pechimuti chomuimbi akatanhamara wokuGermany Hermann Abendroth … G. Abendroth. akaruramisa tariro yeMuscovites. Akazviratidza semuzivi akangwara wezvibodzwa zvaBeethoven, muturikiri ane tarenda wepfungwa dzaBeethoven. Mukududzirwa kusingagoneki kwaG. Abendroth zvese muchimiro uye zviri mukati, masifonisi aBeethoven ainzwika neshungu dzakadzama dzesimba, saka dzinogara mune zvese zvebasa raBeethoven. Kazhinji, kana vachida kupemberera kondakita, vanoti kuita kwake basa kwakanzwika "nenzira itsva". Kukodzera kwaHermann Abendroth kuri muchokwadi chekuti mukuita kwake mimhanzi yaBeethoven yakanzwika kwete nenzira itsva, asi nenzira yaBeethoven. Achitaura nezve hunhu hwekuonekwa kwemuimbi semuitisi, waaishanda naye weSoviet A. Gauk akasimbisa “kubatanidzwa kwekugona kufunga pamwero mukuru wemafomu ane mufananidzo wakajeka kwazvo, wakanyatsojeka, wefiligree wezvese zvezvibodzwa, chido chekuziva chiridzwa chiri chose, chikamu chiri chose, inzwi riri rose, kusimbisa kupinza kwemutinhimira kwemufananidzo.”

Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti Abendroth ave muturikiri anoshamisa wemimhanzi yaBach naMozart, Beethoven naBruckner; vakamubvumirawo kuti apinde mukati mezvakadzika zvemabasa aTchaikovsky, symphonies yaShostakovich uye Prokofiev, iyo yakatora nzvimbo inokosha mune repertoire yake.

Abendrot kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake akatungamira chiitiko chekonzati.

Muitisi akapa tarenda rake senyanzvi uye mudzidzisi pakuvaka tsika itsva yeGerman Democratic Republic. Hurumende yeGDR yakamukudza nemubairo wepamusoro uye Mubairo weNyika (1949).

Grigoriev LG, Platek Ya. M., 1969