Musikana Wekutenda (Kirsten Flagstad) |

Kirsten Flagstad

Prima donna ane mukurumbira weMetropolitan Francis Alda, uyo airidza dzinenge shasha dzese dzepasi rose, akati: “Mushure meEnrico Caruso, ndaingoziva izwi rimwe chete guru mumimhanzi yemazuva ano - uyu ndiKirsten Flagstad. ” Kirsten Flagstad akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 12, 1895 muguta reNorway reHamar, mumhuri yemutungamiriri Mikhail Flagstad. Amai vaivewo muimbi - mutambi wepiyano anosanozivikanwa uye muperekedzi paNational Theatre muOslo. Zvinoshamisa here kuti kubva paudiki, Kirsten akadzidza piyano uye kuimba naamai vake, uye pazera remakore matanhatu akaimba nziyo dzaSchubert!

Pamakore gumi nematatu, musikana aiziva zvikamu zveAida naElsa. Makore maviri gare gare, makirasi aKirsten akatanga nomudzidzisi wenzwi anozivikanwa zvikuru muOslo, Ellen Schitt-Jakobsen. Mushure memakore matatu emakirasi, Flagstad akaita debut yake musi waDecember 12, 1913. Muguta guru reNorway, akaita basa raNuriv muOpera yaE. d'Albert The Valley, iyo yakanga yakakurumbira mumakore iwayo. Mutambi wechidiki uyu aifarirwa kwete nevanhuwo zvavo, asiwo neboka revatengi vakapfuma. Wekupedzisira akapa muimbi bhezari kuitira kuti aenderere mberi nedzidzo yake yezwi.

Nekuda kwerutsigiro rwemari, Kirsten akadzidza muStockholm naAlbert Westwang naGillis Bratt. Muna 1917, vachidzokera kumusha, Flagstad inogara ichiita mumitambo yeopera paNational Theatre.

"Zvinogona kutarisirwa kuti, netarenda risina mubvunzo remuimbi wechidiki, aizokurumidza kukwanisa kutora nzvimbo yakakurumbira munyika yezwi," anonyora VV Timokhin. - Asi izvozvo hazvina kuitika. Kwemakore makumi maviri, Flagstad yakaramba iri munhuwo zvake, ane mwero mutambi uyo akazvidira kutora chero basa raakapiwa, kwete chete muOpera, asiwo mune operetta, revue, uye mimhanzi comedies. Paive, hongu, zvikonzero zvine chinangwa zveizvi, asi zvakawanda zvinogona kutsanangurwa nehunhu hweFlagstad pachake, uyo aive asinganzwisisike kumweya we "premiership" uye chishuvo chehunyanzvi. Akanga ari munhu anoshanda nesimba, uyo akanga asingambofungi nezvokuzvipfumisa “kwake” mune zvokudhirowa.

Flagstad akaroora muna 1919. Nguva shoma inopfuura uye anosiya chikuva. Kwete, kwete nekuda kwekupikisa kwemurume wake: asati aberekwa mwanasikana wake, muimbi akarasikirwa nezwi rake. Akabva adzoka, asi Kirsten, achitya kuremerwa, kwenguva yakati akasarudza "chiedza mabasa" mu operettas. Muna 1921, muimbi akava soloist pamwe Mayol Theater muOslo. Gare gare, akaita paCasino Theatre. Muna 1928, muimbi wekuNorway akabvuma kukokwa kuti ave muimbi ega neStura Theatre muguta reSweden reGothenburg.

Zvino zvakanga zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti mune ramangwana muimbi aizova nyanzvi chete Wagnerian mabasa. Panguva iyoyo, kubva kumapato eWagner mune repertoire yake yaingova Elsa naElizabeth. Mukupesana, airatidzika seakajairika "mutambi wepasirese", achiimba makumi matatu nesere mabasa mumaopera uye makumi matatu mune operettas. Pakati pavo: Minnie ("Musikana anobva Kumadokero" naPuccini), Margarita ("Faust"), Nedda ("Pagliacci"), Eurydice ("Orpheus" naGluck), Mimi ("La Boheme"), Tosca, Cio- Cio-San, Aida, Desdemona, Michaela (“Carmen”), Evryanta, Agatha (“Euryante” uye “Magic Shooter” yaWeber).

Ramangwana reFlagstad semuimbi weWagnerian rinonyanya kukonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu, sezvo aive nemamiriro ese ekuve muimbi we "Italian" akatanhamara.

Isolde, muimbi ane mukurumbira weWagnerian Nanni Larsen-Todsen, paakarwara panguva yekurongwa kwemutambo wenziyo waWagner weTristan und Isolde muOslo muna 1932, vakarangarira Flagstad. Kirsten akaita basa rakanaka nebasa rake idzva.

Bass ane mukurumbira Alexander Kipnis akatorwa moyo zvachose neIsolde itsva, aifunga kuti nzvimbo yeFlagstad yaive pamutambo weWagner muBayreuth. Muzhizha ra1933, pane mumwe mutambo, akaimba Ortlinda muThe Valkyrie uye The Third Norn muRufu rweVamwari. Gore rakatevera, akapiwa mamwe mabasa ane mutoro - Sieglinde naGutrune.

Pamitambo yeBayreuth Festival, vamiririri veMetropolitan Opera vakanzwa Flagstad. Nzvimbo yemitambo yeNew York panguva iyoyo yaida soprano yaWagnerian.

Kutanga kweFlagstad musi waFebruary 2, 1935 kuNew York Metropolitan Opera mubasa reSieglinde kwakaunza muimbi kukunda chaiko. Mangwanani akatevera mapepanhau eAmerica akaridza hwamanda yekuzvarwa kwemuimbi mukuru weWagnerian wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Lawrence Gilman akanyora muNew York Herald Tribune kuti iyi ndeimwe yezviitiko zvisingawanzo apo, sezviri pachena, munyori pachake angafara kunzwa hunyanzvi hwakadaro hweSieglinde wake.

“Vateereri havana kungofadzwa nenzwi reFlagstad chete, kunyange zvazvo ruzha rwaro rwaisagona asi kumutsa mufaro,” anonyora kudaro VV Timokhin. - Vateereri vakafadzwawo nekukasira kunoshamisa, hunhu hwekuita kwemuimbi. Kubva pamitambo yekutanga, ichi chinosiyanisa chimiro chehunyanzvi cheFlagstad chakaratidzwa kune vateereri vekuNew York, iyo inogona kunyanya kukosha kune vaimbi veWagnerian orientation. Vatambi veWagnerian vaizivikanwa pano, umo iyo epic, monumental dzimwe nguva yakakunda pamusoro pemunhu chaiye. Magamba emuFlagstad akaita sokunge avhenekerwa nechiedza chezuva, achidziyirwa nokunzwa kunobaya mwoyo, kwepachokwadi. Aive muimbi werudo, asi vateereri vakaratidza kudanana kwake kwete zvakanyanya nepamusoro-soro nzira, penzura yenzira dzakajeka, asi nerunako runoshamisa uye kupindirana kwenhetembo, rwiyo rwekudedera rwakazadza izwi rake ...

Hupfumi hwese hwemumvuri wemanzwiro, manzwiro uye manzwiro, iyo yese pendi yemavara ehunyanzvi ari mumhanzi waWagner, yakamisikidzwa neFlagstad nenzira yekutaura kwezwi. Panyaya iyi, muimbi, zvichida, akanga asina vakwikwidzi padanho Wagner. Inzwi rake raive pasi pekufamba kusinganzwisisike kwemweya, chero pfungwa dzepfungwa, mamiriro emanzwiro: kufungisisa kwechido uye kutya kwechido, kusimudzira kunoshamisa uye kurudziro yenhetembo. Kuteerera kuFlagstad, vateereri vakasumwa kune zvinyorwa zvepedyo zvemashoko aWagner. Hwaro, "musimboti" wekududzira kwake magamba eWagnerian kwaive nyore kunoshamisa, kuvhurika kwemweya, kuvhenekera kwemukati - hapana mubvunzo kuti Flagstad yaive mumwe wevaturikiri venziyo huru munhoroondo yese yekuita kwaWagnerian.

Unyanzvi hwake hwakanga husiri hwekunze kune nzira dzekunze uye kumanikidza manzwiro. Mazwi mashoma akaimbwa nemuimbi aikwana kugadzira mufananidzo wakajeka mukufungidzira kwemuteereri - paive nekudziya kwerudo kwakawanda, kupfava nekutsiga muizwi remuimbi. Izwi reFlagstad raisiyaniswa nekukwana kusingawanzo - imwe neimwe inotorwa nemuimbi akatorwa moyo nekuzara, kutenderera, runako, uye timbre yezwi remuimbi, sekunge ichibatanidza hunhu hwekuchamhembe kweelegiacism, yakapa kuimba kweFlagstad runako rusingatsananguriki. Hunyoro hwake hwekutaura hwaishamisa, hunyanzvi hwekuimba legato, izvo vamiriri vane mukurumbira veItaly bel canto vanogona godo ... "

Kwemakore matanhatu, Flagstad yaiitwa nguva dzose paMetropolitan Opera chete muWagnerian repertoire. Chikamu chega chemunyori akasiyana chaive Leonora muBeethoven's Fidelio. Akaimba Brunnhilde muThe Valkyrie uye The Fall of the Gods, Isolde, Elizabeth muTannhäuser, Elsa muLohengrin, Kundry muParsifal.

Kuitwa kwese nekubatanidzwa kwemuimbi kwaienda nedzimba dzese dzakazara. Zvipfumbamwe chete zvemitambo ye "Tristan" nekutora chikamu kwemutambi weNorway yakaunza iyo theatre mari isina kumboitika - inodarika zana nemakumi mashanu ezviuru zvemadhora!

Kukunda kweFlagstad paMetropolitan kwakazarura mikova yedzimba huru dze opera munyika kwaari. Musi waChivabvu 1936, 2, akaita debut yake nekubudirira kukuru muTristan paLondon's Covent Garden. Uye munaGunyana XNUMX wegore rimwe chetero, muimbi anoimba kekutanga kuVienna State Opera. Akaimba Isolde, uye pakupera kweopera, vateereri vakadana muimbi wacho makumi matatu!

Flagstad yakatanga kuoneka pamberi peruzhinji rweFrance muna 1938 pachikuva cheParisian Grand Opera. Akaitawo basa reIsolde. Mugore rimwe chetero, akaita rwendo rwekonzati kuAustralia.

Muchirimo cha1941, adzokera kunyika yake, muimbi wacho akarega kuita. Munguva yehondo, akangobva kuNorway kaviri - kutora chikamu muZurich Music Festival.

Muna Mbudzi 1946, Flagstad yakaimba muTristan paChicago Opera House. Muchirimo chegore rakatevera, akaita rwendo rwake rwekutanga mushure mehondo mumaguta eUS.

Mushure mekunge Flagstad yasvika muLondon muna 1947, akabva aimba zvikamu zvinotungamira zveWagner paCovent Garden Theatre kwemwaka mina.

"Flagstad yakanga yatova nemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu," anonyora VV Timokhin, - asi inzwi rake, rairatidzika, rakanga risingaenderani nenguva - rainzwika sechitsva, chizere, chine muto uye chakajeka segore risingakanganwiki rekutanga kuzivana neLondon muimbi. Aitsungirira nyore nyore mitoro mikuru iyo yaigona kuva isingatsungiririki kunyange nokuda kwomuimbi muduku zvikuru. Saka, muna 1949, akaita basa raBrunnhilde mumitambo mitatu kwevhiki: The Valkyries, Siegfried uye The Death of the Gods.

Muna 1949 na1950 Flagstad yakaita saLeonora (Fidelio) paSalzburg Festival. Muna 1950, muimbi akatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kweDer Ring des Nibelungen paMilan's La Scala Theatre.

Mukutanga 1951 muimbi akadzokera pachikuva Metropolitan. Asi haana kuimba ipapo kwenguva refu. Pachikumbaridzo chekuzvarwa kwake makumi matanhatu, Flagstad anosarudza kubva pachikuva munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Uye yekutanga yenhevedzano yemitambo yake yekuonekana yakaitika musi waApril 1, 1952 paMetropolitan. Mushure mekunge aimba rwiyo rwechinzvimbo muGluck's Alceste, George Sloan, sachigaro weMet's board of directors, akauya pachikuva ndokuti Flagstad yakamupa mutambo wekupedzisira paMet. Mumba mese akatanga kuimba “Kwete! Kwete! Kwete!”. Mukati mehafu yeawa, vateereri vakadana muimbi wacho. Pakazodzimwa maraiti muhoro ndipo pavakatanga kupararira vachizeza.

Vachienderera mberi nerwendo rwekuonekana, muna 1952/53 Flagstad yakaimba nebudiriro huru mukugadzirwa kwePurcell's Dido naAeneas kuLondon. Musi waMbudzi 1953, 12, rakanga riri zuva rokuparadzana nemuimbi weParisian Grand Opera. Musi waZvita XNUMX wegore rimwe chetero, anopa konzati kuOslo National Theatre mukuremekedza makore makumi mana echiitiko chake chehunyanzvi.

Mushure meizvozvo, kutaridzika kwake paruzhinji kunongova episodic. Flagstad yakazoonekana kune veruzhinji munaGunyana 7, 1957 nekonzati muLondon's Albert Hall.

Flagstad yakaita zvakawanda mukusimudzira opera yenyika. Akava mutungamiriri wekutanga weNorwegian Opera. Maiwe, kurwara kwaifambira mberi kwakamumanikidza kusiya chigaro chemutungamiriri mushure mekupera kwemwaka wekutanga.

Makore ekupedzisira emuimbi ane mukurumbira akapedzerwa mumba make muKristiansand, yakavakwa panguva iyoyo maererano neprojekti yemuimbi - imba ine nhurikidzwa mbiri chena ine colonnade inoshongedza musuwo mukuru.

Flagstad yakafira muOslo musi waZvita 7, 1962.