Giulia Grisi |

Giulia Grisi

F. Koni akanyora kuti: “Giulia Grisi ndiye mutambi anoshamisa wemazuva ano; ane soprano yakasimba, inonzwika, ine simba… nesimba rezwi iri rinosanganisa kuzara kunoshamisa uye kupfava kweruzha, kupuruzira nekunakidza nzeve. Kuziva izwi rake rinoshanduka uye rinoteerera kusvika pakukwana, anotamba nematambudziko, kana kuti, haazvizivi. Kuchena kunoshamisa uye kuenzana kwezwi, kusatendeseka kushoma kwekutaura uye kunaka kweunyanzvi kwezvishongedzo zvaanoshandisa zvine mwero, zvinomupa kuimba kwake runako runoshamisa ... Nezvose izvi nzira dzekuita, Grisi inosanganisa hunhu hwakakosha: kudziya kwemweya, achigara achidziya kuimba kwake, manzwiro akadzama anoshamisa, anoratidzwa mukuimba uye mukutamba, uye hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekunaka, hunogara huchiratidzira kumasikirwo ake uye haatenderi kuwedzeredza uye kukanganisa. V. Botkin anomutsinhira achiti: “Grisi ine mukana wevaimbi vose vemazuva ano wokuti, nokunyatsogadzirisa inzwi rake, nenzira younyanzvi zvikuru, anobatanidza tarenda inoshamisa zvikuru. Chero ani akambomuona iye zvino ... achagara aine mufananidzo unoyevedza mumweya make, chitarisiko ichi chinopisa uye manzwi emagetsi anovhundutsa ipapo ruzhinji rwevaoni. Akamanikidzika, haana kugadzikana mukudzikama, mabasa enziyo chete; nharaunda yake ndipo paanonzwa akasununguka, chake chekuzvarwa chinhu chido. Rachel ari munjodzi, Grisi ari mu opera ... Nekunyatso gadziridzwa kwezwi uye nehunyanzvi nzira, hongu, Grisi achaimba zvinoyevedza chero basa uye chero mimhanzi; humbowo [ndiro] basa raRosina muThe Barber yeSeville, basa raElvira muThe Puritans nevamwe vakawanda, raaigara achiimba muParis; asi, tinodzokorora, chinhu chake chekuzvarwa ibasa rinosiririsa ... "

Giulia Grisi akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 28, 1811. Baba vake, Gaetano Grisi, akanga ari mukuru muuto reNapoleonic. Amai vake, Giovanna Grisi, vaive muimbi akanaka, uye tete vake, Giuseppina Grassini, vakave nemukurumbira semumwe wevaimbi vepamusoro vekutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Mukoma waGiulia Giuditta aive negobvu mezzo-soprano, akapedza kudzidza nerukudzo kubva kuMilan Conservatory, mushure mezvo akaita dhipatimendi rake muVienna, muRossini's Bianca e Faliero, uye nekukurumidza akaita basa rakanaka. Akaimba munzvimbo dzemitambo dzepamusoro muEurope, asi akakurumidza kubva pachikuva, achiroora mutongi Count Barney, uye akafa mukutanga kwehupenyu muna 1840.

Biography yaJulia yakawedzera kufara uye kudanana. Kuti akazvarwa ari muimbi zvaive pachena kumunhu wese akamupoteredza: Julia munyoro uye akachena soprano aiita seakagadzirirwa nhanho. Mudzidzisi wake wokutanga aiva hanzvadzi yake mukuru, akazodzidza naF. Celli naP. Guglielmi. G. Giacomelli ndiye aitevera. Apo Giulia aiva nemakore gumi nemanomwe okuberekwa, Giacomelli akafunga kuti mudzidzi akanga akagadzirira yemitambo debut.

Muimbi wechidiki akaita debut rake saEmma (Rossini's Zelmira). Akabva aenda kuMilan, kwaakaramba achidzidza nemukoma wake. Giuditta akava mubatsiri wake. Julia akadzidza nemudzidzisi Marlini. Mushure mekuwedzera gadziriro ndipo paakazobudazve pachikuva. Giulia zvino akaimba chikamu cheDorlisca mune yekutanga opera yaRossini Torvaldo e Dorlisca paTeatro Comunale muBologna. Kutsoropodzwa kwakamufadza, uye akaenda parwendo rwake rwekutanga muItaly.

MuFlorence, munyori wemitambo yake yekutanga, Rossini, akamunzwa. Muimbi wacho akaonga zvose zviri zviviri hunyanzvi hwekutaura, uye runako rusingawanzo, uye kuita kunoshamisa kwemuimbi. Mumwe munyori weopera, Bellini, akakundwawo; Kutanga kwekuita kwakaitika muna 1830 muVenice.

Bellini's Norma yakatanga musi waDecember 26, 1831. La Scala yakapa kugamuchirwa nechido kwete chete kune yakakurumbira Giuditta Pasta. Muimbi asingazivikanwe Giulia Grisi akawanawo mugove wake wekuombera maoko. Akaita basa reAdalgisa neushingi hwakafemerwa zvechokwadi uye nehunyanzvi husingatarisirwi. Kuita mu "Norma" kwakazomubatsira kubvumidzwa pachikuva.

Pashure paizvozvo, Julia nokukurumidza akakwira manera mukurumbira. Anoenda kuguta guru reFrance. Pano, tete vake Giuseppina, uyo akambokunda mwoyo waNapoleon, akatungamirira kuItaly yemitambo. Ruzhinji rwenyeredzi rwemazita rwakabva rwashongedza chiitiko cheParis: Catalani, Sontag, Pasta, Schröder-Devrient, Louise Viardot, Marie Malibran. Asi wemasimbaose Rossini akabatsira muimbi wechidiki kuwana chibvumirano paOpera Comic. Zviitwa zvakateverwa muSemiramide, zvino muna Anne Boleyn naLucrezia Borgia, uye Grisi akakunda maParisians aidiwa. Makore maviri gare gare, akatamira padanho reItaly Opera uye munguva pfupi, pakurudziro yaPasta, akaziva kurota kwake kwaaida nekuita chikamu cheNorma pano.

Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, Grisi akamira padivi nenyeredzi huru dzenguva yake. Mumwe wevatsoropodzi akanyora, kuti: “Apo Malibran anoimba, tinonzwa inzwi rengirozi, rakanangidzirwa kudenga uye richipfachukira nokudonhera kwechokwadi kwamatatu. Paunoteerera Grisi, unoona inzwi remukadzi anoimba nechivimbo uye akafara - inzwi remurume, kwete nyere. Zvakarurama ndizvo. Julia ndiye mufananidzo chaiwo wekutanga ane hutano, ane tariro, ane ropa rakazara. Akava, kusvikira kutambanuko yakati, mucherechedzo wenzira itsva, yechokwadi yokuimba kwokuimba.

Muna 1836, muimbi akava mudzimai Comte de Melay, asi haana kumisa basa rake ounyanzvi. Kukunda kutsva kwakamumirira mumitambo yeBellini The Pirate, Beatrice di Tenda, Puritani, La sonnambula, Rossini's Otello, Mukadzi weLake, Donizetti's Anna Boleyn, Parisina d'Este, Maria di Rohan, Belisarius. Kuwanda kwezwi rake kwakamubvumira kuita ese soprano nemezzo-soprano zvikamu zviri nyore zvakaenzana, uye ndangariro yake yakasarudzika yakamubvumira kudzidza mabasa matsva nekumhanya kunoshamisa.

Kushanya muLondon kwakaunza shanduko isingatarisirwi mune ramangwana rake. Akaimba pano nemukurumbira wetena Mario. Julia akanga amboita naye zvose pamatanho eParis uye mumasaroni, uko kwakaungana ruvara rweParisian artic intelligentsia. Asi muguta guru reEngland, kekutanga, akaziva chaizvo Count Giovanni Matteo de Candia - ndiro raiva zita chairo remumwe wake.

Kuverenga muhuduku hwake, akasiya mazita emhuri uye ivhu, akava nhengo yebato rerusununguko rwenyika. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuParis Conservatory, wechidiki kuverenga, pasi pezita rekunyepedzera Mario, akatanga kuita pachikuva. Akakurumidza kuva akakurumbira, akafamba muEurope yose, uye akapa chikamu chikuru chemari yake mikuru kuvatsigiri veItaly.

Julia naMario vakadanana. Murume wemuimbi haana kupikisa kurambana, uye vanyori murudo, vagamuchira mukana wekubatana nekuguma kwavo, vakaramba vasina kuparadzaniswa kwete muhupenyu chete, asiwo pachikuva. Zviitwa zvemhuri duet muma operas Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, The Secret Marriage, The Huguenots, uye gare gare muIl trovatore yakamutsa kusimuka kubva kuruzhinji kwese kwese - muEngland, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, uye America. Gaetano Donizetti akavanyorera chimwe chezvisikwa zvake zvezuva zvakanyanyisa, zvine tariro, opera Don Pasquale, iyo yakaona chiedza cherampu musi waNdira 3, 1843.

Kubva muna 1849 kusvika muna 1853, Grisi, pamwe chete naMario, vakadzokorora kakawanda muRussia. Vateereri veRussia vakanzwa uye vakaona Grisi mumabasa eSemiramide, Norma, Elvira, Rosina, Valentina, Lucrezia Borgia, Donna Anna, Ninetta.

Chikamu cheSemiramide hachisi pakati pezvakanakisa zvikamu zvakanyorwa naRossini. Kunze kwekuita kupfupi kwaColbrand mubasa iri, chokwadi, pakanga pasina vatambi vakatanhamara pamberi paGrisi. Mumwe wevaongorori akanyora kuti mune zvakapfuura zvigadzirwa zveiyi opera, "Pakanga pasina Semiramide ... zvepfungwa kana dariro." "Uye pakupedzisira akaonekwa - Semiramis, tenzikadzi mukuru wekuMabvazuva, chimiro, tarisa, hukuru hwekufamba uye kumira - Hongu, uyu ndiye! Mukadzi anotyisa, hunhu hukuru… "

A. Stakhovich anoyeuka kuti: “Makore makumi mashanu apfuura, asi handigoni kukanganwa kuoneka kwake kwokutanga …” Kazhinji, Semiramide, achiperekedzwa nekoteji yakaisvonaka, anooneka zvishoma nezvishoma patutti yevaimbi. Grisi akaita zvakasiyana: “… kamwe-kamwe mukadzi muhombe, ane vhudzi dema, akapfeka nguo chena, ane maoko akanaka, asina kupfeka pamafudzi, anobuda nokukurumidza; akakotama kumupristi uye, achitendeuka nechimiro chinoshamisa chekare, akamira pamberi pevateereri achishamiswa nerunako rwake rweumambo. Kuombera kwakatinhira, kusheedzera: bravo, bravo! – usamurega atange aria. Grisi akaramba akamira, achipenya nerunako, muchimiro chake chakanakisa uye haana kuvhiringa sumo yake inoshamisa yebasa neuta kune vateereri.

Chinonyanya kufarirwa nevateereri veSt. Petersburg kwaiva kutamba kwaGrisi mu opera I Puritani. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, E. Frezzolini akaramba ari muiti asingaenzaniswi webasa raElvira mumaziso evanoda mimhanzi. Maonerwo akaitwa naGrisi aityisa. “Kuenzanisa kwese kwakakanganwika…,” akanyora kudaro mumwe wevatsoropodzi, “uye munhu wose akabvuma pasina mubvunzo kuti takanga tisati tava naElvira ari nani. Runako rwemutambo wake rwakakwezva munhu wese. Grisi akapa basa iri mithunzi mitsva yenyasha, uye mhando yaElvira yaakagadzira inogona kushanda semuenzaniso wevavezi, vapendi uye vadetembi. MaFrench nemaItalian haasati agadzirisa nyaya inopokana: kuimba kwega kunofanirwa kukunda mukuita kwe opera, kana kuti iyo nhanho huru inofanirwa kuramba iri kumberi - mutambo. Grisi, ari munzvimbo yaElvira, akasarudza mubvunzo uyu achifarira mamiriro ekupedzisira, zvichiratidza nekuita kunoshamisa kuti mutambi anotora nzvimbo yekutanga pachikuva. Pakupera kwechiito chekutanga, chiitiko chekupenga chakaitwa naye nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro zvekuti, achidonhedza misodzi kubva kune vataridzi vasina hanya, akaita kuti munhu wese ashamiswe netarenda rake. Isu tajaira kuona kuti kupenga kwedariro kunoratidzwa neakapinza, angular pantomimes, kufamba kusingaite uye maziso anodzungaira. Grisi-Elvira akatidzidzisa kuti kukudzwa nenyasha dzekufamba zvinogona uye zvinofanirwa kuve zvisingaparadzanisiki mukupenga. Grisi akamhanyawo, akazviwisira pasi, akapfugama, asi zvese izvi zvakange zvave nani ... Muchiitiko chechipiri, mumutsara wake unozivikanwa: "Ndipe tariro kana kuti ndife!" Grisi akashamisa munhu wese nemuvara wake wakasiyana zvachose wekutaura kwemimhanzi. Tinoyeuka akamutangira: mutsara uyu wakagara uchitibata, sekuchema kwerudo rusina tariro, rusina tariro. Grisi, pakubuda chaiko, akaziva kusaita kwetariro uye kugadzirira kufa. Zvepamusoro, zvakanakisa kupfuura izvi, hapana chatakanzwa.

Muchikamu chechipiri chemakore makumi mashanu, chirwere chacho chakatanga kukanganisa izwi rakajeka raJulia Grisi. Akarwa, akarapwa, akaramba achiimba, kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kwekare kwakanga kusisina kumuperekedza. Muna 50 akasiya nhandare, asi haana kurega kuita mumakonzati.

Muna 1868 Julia akaimba kekupedzisira. Zvakaitika pamariro aRossini. Muchechi yeSanta Maria del Fiore, pamwe chete nekwaya huru, Grisi naMario vakaita Stabat Mater. Kuimba uku ndiko kwaive kwekupedzisira kwemuimbi uyu. Maererano nevemazuva ano, inzwi rake rainzwika rakanaka uye rine mweya, semakore akanakisisa.

Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, vanasikana vake vose vakafa kamwe kamwe, vachiteverwa naGiulia Grisi musi waNovember 29, 1869.