Baroque mimhanzi tsika: aesthetics, artic mifananidzo, mhando, mimhanzi maitiro, vanyori

Wakanga uchiziva here kuti nguva yakatipa Bach naHandel yainzi "bhazari"? Uyezve, havana kudanwa nenzira yakanaka. "Parera rechimiro chisina kujairika (chinoshamisa)" ndeimwe yezvinoreva izwi rekuti "Baroque". Kunyange zvakadaro, tsika itsva inenge isina kururama kubva pakuona kwezvinangwa zveRenaissance: kuwirirana, nyore uye kujekesa kwakatsiviwa nekusawirirana, mifananidzo yakaoma uye mafomu.

Baroque aesthetics

Baroque mimhanzi tsika yakaunza pamwe chete yakanaka uye yakashata, nhamo uye kusetsa. "Runako rusina kujairika" rwakanga rwuri "muchimiro", kuchitsiva hunhu hweRenaissance. Nyika yakanga isisaratidzike seyakazara, asi yaionekwa senyika ine misiyano uye kupokanidzana, senyika izere nenhamo nemitambo. Zvisinei, pane tsananguro yenhau yeizvi.

Nguva yeBaroque inotora makore angangoita 150: kubva muna 1600 kusvika muna 1750. Iyi ndiyo nguva yezviwanikwa zvikuru zvenzvimbo (rangarirai kuwanikwa kweAmerica naColumbus naMagellan vachitenderera nyika), nguva yezvakawanwa zvesainzi zvaGalileo, Copernicus naNewton, nguva yehondo dzinotyisa muEurope. Kuwirirana kwenyika kwakanga kuchiputsika pamberi pameso edu, sokungofanana nemufananidzo weChisiko chapose pose pachawo wakanga uchichinja, pfungwa dzenguva nenzvimbo dzakanga dzichichinja.

Baroque genres

Iyo fashoni itsva yekunyepedzera yakabereka mafomu matsva nemhando. Yakakwanisa kuburitsa nyika yakaoma yezviitiko zvevanhu dhanzi, kunyanya kuburikidza nemanzwiro akajeka. Baba vekutanga opera vanonzi Jacopo Peri (opera Eurydice), asi zvaive chaizvo semhando iyo opera yakaumbwa mumabasa aClaudio Monteverdi (Orpheus). Pakati pemazita anozivikanwa emhando yebaroque opera anozivikanwa zvakare: A. Scarlatti (opera "Nero akava Kesari"), GF Telemann ("Mario"), G. Purcell ("Dido naAeneas"), J.-B . Lully (“Armide”), GF Handel (“Julius Caesar”), GB Pergolesi (“The Maid -madam”), A. Vivaldi (“Farnak”).

Zvinenge senge opera, chete isina nzvimbo uye zvipfeko, ine chirongwa chechitendero, oratory yakatora nzvimbo yakakosha muhutungamiriri hwemhando dzeBaroque. Rudzi rwemweya rwakadai seoratorio yaiburitsawo kudzama kwemanzwiro evanhu. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa baroque oratorios yakanyorwa naGF Handel (“Messiah”)

Pakati pemarudzi enziyo dzinoyera, zvitsvene zvakanga zvakakurumbirawo cantatas и chido (chishuwo "chishuwo"; pamwe kwete kusvika padanho, asi kana zvikaitika, ngatirangarirei rimwe mudzi izwi remumhanzi - appassionato, iro rakaturikirwa muchiRussia rinoreva "kuda"). Pano muchindwe ndewaJS Bach ("St. Matthew Passion").

Imwe mhando huru yenguva - konzati. Kutamba kwakapinza kwekusiyana, kukwikwidzana pakati pemuimbi uye orchestra (), kana pakati pemapoka akasiyana-siyana eimba (genre) - yakanyatsopindirana neaesthetics yeBaroque. Maestro A. Vivaldi ("The Seasons"), IS inotonga pano. Bach "Bradenburg Concertos"), GF Handel uye A. Corelli (Concerto grosso).

Musimboti wakasiyana wekuchinjanisa zvikamu zvakasiyana wakagadzirwa kwete chete mumhando yekonzati. Zvakaumba hwaro sonatas (D. Scarlatti), suites uye partitas (JS Bach). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti musimboti uyu waivapo kare, asi chete muBaroque nguva yakaguma kungoerekana uye kuwana yakarongeka chimiro.

Imwe yemisiyano mikuru yeBaroque mimhanzi tsika mhirizhonga uye kurongeka sezviratidzo zvenguva. Kusagadzikana kwehupenyu nerufu, kusadzora kwekupedzisira, uye panguva imwechete - kukunda kwe "rationality", kurongeka mune zvese. Kusatenda uku kwainyatsoburitswa nerudzi rwemimhanzi foreplay (toccatas, fantasies) uye Hudyu. IS Bach yakagadzira isingaenzaniswi masterpieces mumhando iyi (preludes uye fugues yeWell-Tempered Clavier, Toccata uye Fugue muD madiki).

Sezvinotevera kubva muongororo yedu, mutsauko weBaroque wakazviratidza kunyangwe muhukuru hwemhando. Pamwe chete nenziyo dzakasimba, laconic opus dzakagadzirwawo.

Mutauro wemimhanzi weBaroque

Nguva yeBaroque yakabatsira mukuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva ekunyora. Ndichipinda munhandare yemimhanzi mhirizhonga nokukamurwa kwaro kuva inzwi guru uye manzwi anoperekedza.

Kunyanya, kufarirwa kwehomophony kunokonzerwawo nekuti chechi yaive nezvinodiwa zvekunyora zvinyorwa zvemweya: mazwi ese anofanira kuve anoverengwa. Nokudaro, mazwi akasvika mberi, achiwanawo zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvemimhanzi. Iyo Baroque penchant yekunyepedzera yakazviratidza pano zvakare.

Mumhanzi wezviridzwa wainge wakapfumawo mukushongedza. Panyaya iyi, yakanga yakapararira kuvandudza: the ostinato (kureva, kudzokorora, kusachinjika) bass, yakawanikwa nenguva yeBaroque, yakapa chiyero chekufungidzira kune yakapihwa harmonic series. Mumhanzi wezwi, maredhiyo marefu nemaketani ezvinyorwa zvenyasha uye matrill anowanzo shongedza operatic arias.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, yakabudirira polyphony, asi mune imwe nzira yakasiyana zvachose. Baroque polyphony ndeyemahara-maitiro polyphony, kusimudzira kweanopikisa.

Nhanho yakakosha mukuvandudza mutauro wemimhanzi yaive kugamuchirwa kweiyo tempered system uye kuumbwa kwe tonality. Maitiro maviri makuru akatsanangurwa zvakajeka - makuru uye madiki.

Kanganisa dzidziso

Sezvo mimhanzi yenguva yeBaroque yakashanda kuratidza zvido zvevanhu, zvinangwa zvekugadzira zvakagadziridzwa. Zvino kuumbwa kwega kwega kwaive kwakabatana nekukanganisa, ndiko kuti, neimwe mamiriro epfungwa. Dzidziso yezvinochinja haisi itsva; yakatanga kare. Asi munguva yeBaroque yakapararira.

Hasha, kusuruvara, kufara, rudo, kuzvininipisa - izvi zvinokanganisa zvakabatanidzwa nemutauro wemimhanzi wezvinyorwa. Nokudaro, kukanganisa kwakakwana kwemufaro uye kufara kwakaratidzwa nekushandiswa kwezvikamu zvitatu, zvechina uye zvechishanu, tempo yakanaka uye trimeter mukunyora. Pane zvinopesana, kukanganisa kwekusuwa kwakagadziriswa nekubatanidzwa kwe dissonances, chromaticism uye tempo inononoka.

Paitove nehunhu hune hunhu hwematonalities, umo hutsinye E-flat hombe yakapetwa neiyo grumpy E-major yaipokana neanochema A-mudiki uye akapfava G-mukuru.

Panzvimbo pekuvharirwa ...

Tsika yemimhanzi yeBaroque yakave nesimba guru pakuvandudzwa kweiyo nguva yakatevera ye classicism. Uye kwete yenguva ino chete. Kunyange ikozvino, echoes yeBaroque inogona kunzwika mumhando dze opera uye konzati, iyo yakakurumbira kusvika nhasi. Makotesheni emumhanzi waBach anoonekwa mune heavy rock solos, nziyo dzepop dzinonyanya kuenderana neiyo baroque "goridhe sequence", uye jazz kusvika pamwero wakati yatora hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza.

Uye hapana anoona Baroque se "zvinoshamisa" maitiro zvakare, asi anoyemura maparera ayo anokosha zvechokwadi. Kunyangwe chimiro chisinganzwisisiki.