Mhando dzakawanda dzemabasa emimhanzi

Iwe unogona kunge wakambosangana nemafungiro ehuzivi akadai sechimiro uye zvemukati. Aya mazwi akazara zvakakwana kuti aratidze zvakafanana zvemhando dzakasiyana dzezviitiko. Uye mimhanzi hainawo musiyano. Muchinyorwa chino iwe unowana mhedziso yeanonyanya kufarirwa mafomu emimhanzi mabasa.

Tisati tadoma marudzi akajairika emabasa emimhanzi, ngatitsanangurirei kuti chii chiri chimiro mumimhanzi? Chimiro chimwe chinhu chine chokuita nekugadzirwa kwebasa, kune mazano ekugadzirisa kwayo, kutevedzana kwezvinhu zvemimhanzi mairi.

Vaimbi vanonzwisisa fomu nenzira mbiri. Kune rimwe divi, chimiro chinomiririra kurongeka kwezvikamu zvese zvemumhanzi wakarongeka. Kune rumwe rutivi, fomu haisi dhiyabhorosi chete, asiwo kuumbwa uye kukura mubasa reiyo nzira dzinoratidza iyo mufananidzo weunyanzvi webasa rakapiwa rinogadzirwa. Ndedzipi nzira dzekutaura idzi? Mutsindo, kuwirirana, mutinhimira, timbre, regisitandi zvichingodaro. Kusimbiswa kwekunzwisisa kwakapetwa kaviri kwechimiro chechimiro chemimhanzi ndiko kukosha kwemusayendisiti weRussia, mudzidzi uye munyori Boris Asafiev.

Mafomu emabasa emimhanzi

Iwo madiki madiki ezvimiro zvikamu zvechero basa remimhanzi. Iye zvino ngatiedzei kutumidza maitiro makuru emabasa emimhanzi uye kuvapa maitiro mapfupi.

nguva - iyi ndeimwe yemafomu akareruka anomiririra kuratidzwa kwemufungo wemimhanzi wakakwana. Zvinowanzoitika mumhanzi wezviridzwa uye wezwi.

Nguva yakajairwa yenguva mitsara miviri yemimhanzi inotora 8 kana 16 mabara (square nguva), mukuita kune nguva refu uye ipfupi. Iyo nguva ine marudzi akati wandei, pakati peavo vanonzi vanotora nzvimbo yakakosha.

Rakareruka maviri- uye matatu-zvikamu mafomu - aya ndiwo mafomu ayo chikamu chekutanga, sekutonga, chakanyorwa nenzira yenguva, uye mamwe ose haapfuuri (ndiko kuti, kwavari chiyero chinogonawo nguva kana mutsara).

Pakati (chikamu chepakati) chechimiro chezvikamu zvitatu chinogona kusiyanisa maererano nezvikamu zvekunze (kuratidza mufananidzo unosiyanisa yatova yakakomba zvikuru unyanzvi hwekugadzira), kana inogona kukudziridza, kukudziridza zvakataurwa muchikamu chekutanga. Muchikamu chechitatu chetatu-chikamu fomu, zvinokwanisika kudzokorora zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvechikamu chekutanga - iyi fomu inonzi reprise (reprise kudzokorora).

Vhesi uye korasi mafomu - aya ndiwo mafomu ane hukama zvakananga nemimhanzi yezwi uye chimiro chayo chinowanzobatanidzwa nehunhu hwezvinyorwa zvenhetembo zvinova pasi perwiyo.

Chimiro chevhesi chakavakirwa pakudzokororwa kwenziyo imwechete (somuenzaniso, nguva), asi nemazwi matsva nguva imwe neimwe. Mune fomu ye-lead-chorus kune zvinhu zviviri: yekutanga ndiyo inotungamira (zvose rwiyo uye zvinyorwa zvinogona kuchinja), yechipiri ndiyo korasi (sekutonga, zvose rwiyo uye zvinyorwa zvinochengetwa mairi).

Complex two-part and complex three-part mafomu - aya ndiwo mafomu anoumbwa nemafomu maviri kana matatu akareruka (somuenzaniso, nyore 3-chikamu + nguva + iri nyore 3-chikamu). Mafomu akaomesesa ezvikamu zviviri anonyanya kuwanda mumhanzi wezwi (semuenzaniso, mamwe opera arias akanyorwa nemhando dzakadai), nepo mafomu ezvikamu zvitatu zvakaoma, asi zvinopesana, anowanzo kuridza mimhanzi yezviridzwa (iyi imhando yaunofarira minuet nemamwe matambiro).

Chimiro chakaoma chezvikamu zvitatu, senge chiri nyore, chinogona kunge chine reprise, uye nechepakati - zvinhu zvitsva (kazhinji izvi ndizvo zvinoitika), uye chikamu chepakati mune iyi fomu ndeyemhando mbiri: (kana inomiririra). imwe mhando yefomu yakapfava yakapfava) kana (kana pakati pepakati paine zvivakwa zvemahara zvisingateere ingave periodic kana chero yeakareruka mafomu).

Variation form - ichi chimiro chakavakirwa pakudzokororwa kwedingindira rekutanga neshanduko yaro, uye panofanira kunge paine kanokwana kaviri ekudzokorora uku kuitira kuti chimiro chinobuda chebasa remimhanzi chionekwe sechisiyana. Mhando yekusiyanisa inowanikwa mumabasa akawanda ezviridzwa nevanyori vemimhanzi yekirasi, uye kazhinji muzvinyorwa zvevanyori vemazuva ano.

Kune misiyano yakasiyana. Semuyenzaniso, kune rudzi rwakadai rwemisiyano semisiyano pane ostinato (ndiko kuti, isingachinjiki, yakabatwa) dingindira munziyo kana bass (iyo inonzi). Kune misiyano umo, nekuita kutsva kwega kwega, dingindira rine ruvara neakasiyana ekushongedza uye zvishoma nezvishoma rakakamurwa, richiratidza mativi aro akavanzika.

Pane imwe mhando yekusiyana - umo kutsva kwega kwega kwechinyorwa kunoitika mumhando nyowani. Dzimwe nguva shanduko idzi kuenda kumhando nyowani dzinoshandura zvakanyanya dingindira - ingofungidzira, dingindira rinogona kunzwika mubasa rimwechete sekufora kwemariro, rwiyo rwemasikati, uye rwiyo rwechido. Nenzira, iwe unogona kuverenga chimwe chinhu nezvemhando mune chinyorwa "Main Music Genres."

Semuenzaniso wemumhanzi wekusiyana, tinokukoka iwe kuti uzive nezve basa rine mukurumbira rakaitwa naBeethoven mukuru.

L. van Beethoven, 32 misiyano muC minor

Rondo - imwe nzira yakapararira yemabasa emimhanzi. Iwe unogona kunge uchiziva kuti izwi rakashandurirwa muchiRussian kubva kuFrench . Izvi hazvisi masanga. Kare kare, rondo raive dhanzi reboka, umo mafaro akajairika aichinjana nemadhanzi evanoimba vari voga - panguva dzakadai vaipinda pakati pedenderedzwa voratidza hunyanzvi hwavo.

Saka, maererano nemimhanzi, rondo ine zvikamu zvinogara zvichidzokororwa (zvizhinji - zvinodanwa) uye zvikamu zvega zvinonzwika pakati pekudzivisa. Kuti fomu rondo riitike, refrain inofanira kudzokororwa kanenge katatu.

Sonata fomu, saka tasvika kwauri! Iyo sonata fomu, kana, sezvainodanwa dzimwe nguva, iyo sonata allegro fomu, ndeimwe yemhando dzakakwana uye dzakaoma dzemabasa emimhanzi.

Iyo sonata fomu yakavakirwa pamisoro mikuru miviri - imwe yacho inonzi (iyo inonzwika kutanga), yechipiri -. Aya mazita anoreva kuti imwe yemadingindira iri mukiyi huru, uye yechipiri mune yechipiri kiyi (inotonga, semuenzaniso, kana yakafanana). Pamwe chete, madingindira aya anoenda kuburikidza nemiedzo yakasiyana mukusimudzira, uyezve mukudzokorora, kazhinji ese ari maviri anonzwika mukiyi imwechete.

Iyo sonata fomu ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:

• kuratidzwa (kuratidzwa kwekutanga, yechipiri uye mimwe misoro kune veruzhinji);
• kukura (iyo nhanho iyo kukura kwakanyanya kunoitika);
• reprise (pano madingindira anoratidzwa muchiratidziro anodzokororwa, uye panguva imwe chete kuungana kwavo kunoitika).

Vanyori vakada fomu ye sonata zvakanyanya zvekuti pahwaro hwayo vakagadzira nhevedzano yemafomu akasiyana neiyo huru modhi muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kutumidza marudzi akadaro emhando ye sonata se (kusanganisa fomu ye sonata ne rondo), (rangarira zvavakataura pamusoro pechiitiko mumhando yezvikamu zvitatu zvakaoma? Pano chero chimiro chinogona kuva chiitiko - kazhinji izvi zvakasiyana-siyana), (nekuratidzwa kaviri - kune soloist uye kune orchestra, ine virtuoso cadenza yemuimbi ari ega pakupera kwebudiriro isati yatanga reprise), (diki sonata), (hombe canvas).

Fugue - ichi ndicho chimiro chaimbova mambokadzi wemarudzi ose. Pane imwe nguva, fugue yaionekwa seyakanyanya mimhanzi fomu, uye vaimbi vachiri nemafungiro akakosha kune fugues.

Fugue inovakwa pane imwe dingindira, iyo inodzokororwa kakawanda muchimiro chisina kuchinjwa mumanzwi akasiyana (nezviridzwa zvakasiyana). Iyo fugue inotanga, sekutonga, nezwi rimwe uye pakarepo nedingindira. Rimwe izwi rinobva rapindura dingindira iri, uye zvinonzwika panguva iyi kubva pachiridzwa chekutanga chinonzi counter-add.

Nepo dingindira richitenderera nemanzwi akasiyana, chikamu chekutsanangudza chefugue chinoenderera mberi, asi kana dingindira rapfuura nezwi rega rega, budiriro inotangira umo dingindira ringave risisanyatso kuteverwa, kudzvanywa, kana, ukuru. Hongu, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoitika mukusimudzira ... Pakupera kwefugue, tonality huru inodzorerwa - chikamu ichi chinonzi reprise of the fugue.

Tinogona kumira ipapo izvozvi. Takadoma dzinenge dzese mafomu makuru emabasa emimhanzi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti mamwe mafomu akaomarara anogona kunge aine akati wandei akareruka - dzidza kuaona. Uye zvakare kazhinji zvose zviri nyore uye zvakaoma mafomu zvinosanganiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana - semuenzaniso, vanoumba pamwechete.